【WSN通信】Matlab实现低能耗自适应聚类层次结构协议

1 简介

低能量自适应聚类层次(“LEACH”)是一种基于TDMA的MAC协议，它与聚类和无线传感器网络(WSN)中的简单路由协议相结合。 LEACH 的目标是降低创建和维护集群所需的能源消耗，以提高无线传感器网络的使用寿命。

LEACH 是一种分层协议，其中大多数节点向簇首传输数据，簇首聚合和压缩数据并转发到基站（宿）。每个节点在每一轮使用随机算法来确定它是否会成为本轮的簇头。 LEACH 假设每个节点都有一个足够强大的无线电，可以直接到达基站或最近的簇头，但是一直以全功率使用这个无线电会浪费能量。已经成为簇首的节点在 P 轮中不能再次成为簇首，其中 P 是簇首的期望百分比。此后，每个节点都有 1/P 的概率再次成为簇头。在每一轮结束时，不是簇头的每个节点都会选择最近的簇头并加入该簇。然后，簇头为其簇中的每个节点创建一个调度以传输其数据。根据簇头创建的调度，所有不是簇头的节点仅以 TDMA 方式与簇头通信。他们这样做使用到达簇头所需的最小能量，并且只需要在其时隙内保持无线电开启。

LEACH 还使用 CDMA，以便每个集群使用一组不同的 CDMA 代码，以最大限度地减少集群之间的干扰。

2 部分代码

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%                                                                      %% SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered                        %%      heterogeneous wireless sensor networks                          %%                                                                      %% (c) Georgios Smaragdakis                                             %% WING group, Computer Science Department, Boston University           %%                                                                      %% You can find full documentation and related information at:          %% http://csr.bu.edu/sep                                                %%                                                                      %  % To report your comment or any bug please send e-mail to:             %% gsmaragd@cs.bu.edu                                                   %%                                                                      %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%​%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%                                                                      %% This is the SEP [1] code we have used.                               %%                                                                      %% [1]  Georgios Smaragdakis, Ibrahim Matta and Azer bestavros,         %      %      "SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered                  %%      heterogeneous wireless sensor networks",                        %%      Second International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network       %%      Protocols and Applications (SANPA 2004),Boston MA, August       %                         %      2004.                                                           %%                                                                      %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%​clear;​%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PARAMETERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%​%Field Dimensions - x and y maximum (in meters)xm=100;ym=100;​%x and y Coordinates of the Sinksink.x=0.5*xm;sink.y=0.5*ym;​%Number of Nodes in the fieldn=100;​%Optimal Election Probability of a node%to become cluster headp=0.1;​%Energy Model (all values in Joules)%Initial Energy Eo=0.5;%Eelec=Etx=ErxETX=50*0.000000001;ERX=50*0.000000001;%Transmit Amplifier typesEfs=10*0.000000000001;Emp=0.0013*0.000000000001;%Data Aggregation EnergyEDA=5*0.000000001;​%Values for Hetereogeneity%Percentage of nodes than are advancedm=0.1;%\alphaa=1;​%maximum number of roundsrmax=1000;​%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END OF PARAMETERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%​%Computation of dodo=sqrt(Efs/Emp); ​%Creation of the random Sensor Networkfigure(1);for i=1:1:n    S(i).xd=rand(1,1)*xm;    XR(i)=S(i).xd;    S(i).yd=rand(1,1)*ym;    YR(i)=S(i).yd;    S(i).G=0;    %initially there are no cluster heads only nodes    S(i).type='N';       temp_rnd0=i;    %Random Election of Normal Nodes    if (temp_rnd0>=m*n+1)         S(i).E=Eo;        S(i).ENERGY=0;        %%%%plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'o');        hold on;    end    %Random Election of Advanced Nodes    if (temp_rnd0<m*n+1)          S(i).E=Eo*(1+a)        S(i).ENERGY=1;        %%%%plot(S(i).xd,S(i).yd,'+');         hold on;​              end endendhold on;​countCHs;rcountCHs=rcountCHs+countCHs;​​%Code for Voronoi Cells%Unfortynately if there is a small%number of cells, Matlab's voronoi%procedure has some problems​%[vx,vy]=voronoi(X,Y);%plot(X,Y,'r*',vx,vy,'b-');% hold on;% voronoi(X,Y);% axis([0 xm 0 ym]);​end​​%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   STATISTICS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%                                                                                     %%  DEAD  : a rmax x 1 array of number of dead nodes/round %  DEAD_A : a rmax x 1 array of number of dead Advanced nodes/round%  DEAD_N : a rmax x 1 array of number of dead Normal nodes/round%  CLUSTERHS : a rmax x 1 array of number of Cluster Heads/round%  PACKETS_TO_BS : a rmax x 1 array of number packets send to Base Station/round%  PACKETS_TO_CH : a rmax x 1 array of number of packets send to ClusterHeads/round%  first_dead: the round where the first node died                   %                                                                                     %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%​

3 仿真结果

4 参考文献

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