在线测试工具http://www.sufeinet.com/thread-3690-1-1.html c# HttpWebRequest与HttpWebResponse 绝技 如果你想做一些,抓取,或者是自动获取的功能,那么就跟我一起来学习一下Http请求吧。 本文章会对Http请求时的Get和Post方式进行详细的说明, 在请求时的参数怎么发送,怎么带Cookie,怎么设置证书,怎么解决 编码等问题,进行一步一步的解决。 * 如果要使用中间的方法的话,可以访问我的帮助类完全免费开源: 这个类是专门为HTTP的GET和POST请求写的,解决了编码,证书,自动带Cookie等问题。 C# HttpHelper,帮助类,真正的Httprequest请求时无视编码,无视证书,无视Cookie,网页抓取 1.第一招,根据URL地址获取网页信息 先来看一下代码 get方法
普通浏览
复制代码
-
public
static
string GetUrltoHtml
(
string Url,
string type
)
-
 {
-
try
-
 {
-
System.
Net.WebRequest wReq =
System.
Net.WebRequest.Create
(Url
)
;
-
-
System.
Net.WebResponse wResp = wReq.GetResponse
(
)
;
-
System.
IO.Stream respStream = wResp.GetResponseStream
(
)
;
-
-
using
(
System.
IO.StreamReader reader =
new
System.
IO.StreamReader
(respStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
(type
)
)
)
-
 {
-
return reader.ReadToEnd
(
)
;
-
 }
-
 }
-
catch
(
System.Exception ex
)
-
 {
-
-
 }
-
return
""
;
-
 }
post方法
普通浏览
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public
string OpenReadWithHttps
(
string URL,
string strPostdata,
string strEncoding
)
-
 {
-
 Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default
;
-
 HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(URL
)
;
-
 request.Method =
"post"
;
-
 request.Accept =
"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*"
;
-
 request.ContentType =
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
;
-
byte
[
] buffer = encoding.GetBytes
(strPostdata
)
;
-
 request.ContentLength = buffer.Length
;
-
 request.GetRequestStream
(
).Write
(buffer,
0, buffer.Length
)
;
-
 HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
(
)
;
-
using
( StreamReader reader =
new StreamReader
(response.GetResponseStream
(
),
System.
Text.Encoding.GetEncoding
(strEncoding
)
)
)
-
 {
-
return reader.ReadToEnd
(
)
;
-
 }
-
 }
这招是入门第一式, 特点: 1.最简单最直观的一种,入门课程。 2.适应于明文,无需登录,无需任何验证就可以进入的页面。 3.获取的数据类型为HTML文档。 4.请求方法为Get/Post 2.第二招,根据URL地址获取需要验证证书才能访问的网页信息 先来看一下代码 get方法
普通浏览
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-
 /回调验证证书问题
-
public
bool CheckValidationResult
(
object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors
)
-
 {
-
-
return
true
;
-
 }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public
string GetUrltoHtml
(
string Url
)
-
 {
-
 StringBuilder content =
new StringBuilder
(
)
;
-
-
try
-
 {
-
-
 ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =
new
System.
Net.
Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback
(CheckValidationResult
)
;
-
-
-
 HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(Url
)
;
-
-
-
 X509Certificate objx509 =
new X509Certificate
(
Application.StartupPath +
"\\123.cer"
)
;
-
-
-
 request.ClientCertificates.Add
(objx509
)
;
-
-
-
 HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
(
)
;
-
-
 Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream
(
)
;
-
-
 StreamReader sReader =
new StreamReader
(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
(
"utf-8"
)
)
;
-
-
 Char
[
] sReaderBuffer =
new Char
[
256
]
;
-
int count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256
)
;
-
while
(count >
0
)
-
 {
-
 String tempStr =
new String
(sReaderBuffer,
0, count
)
;
-
 content.Append
(tempStr
)
;
-
 count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256
)
;
-
 }
-
-
 sReader.Close
(
)
;
-
 }
-
catch
(Exception
)
-
 {
-
 content =
new StringBuilder
(
"Runtime Error"
)
;
-
 }
-
-
return content.ToString
(
)
;
-
 }
post方法
普通浏览
复制代码
-
-
public
bool CheckValidationResult
(
object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors
)
-
 {
-
-
return
true
;
-
 }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public
string OpenReadWithHttps
(
string URL,
string strPostdata,
string strEncoding
)
-
 {
-
-
 ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =
new
System.
Net.
Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback
(CheckValidationResult
)
;
-
 Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default
;
-
 HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(URL
)
;
-
-
-
 X509Certificate objx509 =
new X509Certificate
(
Application.StartupPath +
"\\123.cer"
)
;
-
-
-
 request.CookieContainer =
new CookieContainer
(
)
;
-
-
-
 request.ClientCertificates.Add
(objx509
)
;
-
 request.Method =
"post"
;
-
 request.Accept =
"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*"
;
-
 request.ContentType =
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
;
-
byte
[
] buffer = encoding.GetBytes
(strPostdata
)
;
-
 request.ContentLength = buffer.Length
;
-
 request.GetRequestStream
(
).Write
(buffer,
0, buffer.Length
)
;
-
 HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
(
)
;
-
using
(StreamReader reader =
new StreamReader
(response.GetResponseStream
(
),
System.
Text.Encoding.GetEncoding
(strEncoding
)
)
)
-
 {
-
return reader.ReadToEnd
(
)
;
-
 }
-
 }
这招是学会算是进了大门了,凡是需要验证证书才能进入的页面都可以使用这个方法进入,我使用的是证书回调验证的方式,证书验证是否通过在客户端验证,这样的话我们就可以使用自己定义一个方法来验证了,有的人会说那也不清楚是怎么样验证的啊,其它很简单,代码是自己写的为什么要那么难为自己呢,直接返回一个True不就完了,永远都是验证通过,这样就可以无视证书的存在了, 特点: 1.入门前的小难题,初级课程。 2.适应于无需登录,明文但需要验证证书才能访问的页面。 3.获取的数据类型为HTML文档。 4.请求方法为Get/Post 3.第三招,根据URL地址获取需要登录才能访问的网页信息 我们先来分析一下这种类型的网页,需要登录才能访问的网页,其它呢也是一种验证,验证什么呢,验证客户端是否登录,是否具用相应的凭证,需要登录的都要验证SessionID这是每一个需要登录的页面都需要验证的,那我们怎么做的,我们第一步就是要得存在Cookie里面的数据包括SessionID,那怎么得到呢,这个方法很多,使用ID9或者是火狐浏览器很容易就能得到,可以参考我的文章 提供一个网页抓取hao123手机号码归属地的例子 这里面针对ID9有详细的说明。 如果我们得到了登录的Cookie信息之后那个再去访问相应的页面就会非常的简单了,其它说白了就是把本地的Cookie信息在请求的时候捎带过去就行了。 看代码 get方法
普通浏览
复制代码
-
-
-
-
-
-
public
string GetUrltoHtml
(
string Url
)
-
 {
-
 StringBuilder content =
new StringBuilder
(
)
;
-
try
-
 {
-
-
 HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(Url
)
;
-
 request.UserAgent =
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; BOIE9;ZHCN)"
;
-
 request.Method =
"GET"
;
-
 request.Accept =
"*/*"
;
-
-
 request.Referer =
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"
;
-
 CookieContainer objcok =
new CookieContainer
(
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"键",
"值"
)
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"键",
"值"
)
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"sidi_sessionid",
"360A748941D055BEE8C960168C3D4233"
)
)
;
-
 request.CookieContainer = objcok
;
-
-
-
 request.KeepAlive =
true
;
-
-
-
 HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
(
)
;
-
-
-
 Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream
(
)
;
-
-
-
 StreamReader sReader =
new StreamReader
(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
(
"gb2312"
)
)
;
-
-
-
 Char
[
] sReaderBuffer =
new Char
[
256
]
;
-
int count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256
)
;
-
while
(count >
0
)
-
 {
-
 String tempStr =
new String
(sReaderBuffer,
0, count
)
;
-
 content.Append
(tempStr
)
;
-
 count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256
)
;
-
 }
-
-
 sReader.Close
(
)
;
-
 }
-
catch
(Exception
)
-
 {
-
 content =
new StringBuilder
(
"Runtime Error"
)
;
-
 }
-
-
return content.ToString
(
)
;
-
 }
post方法。
普通浏览
复制代码
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
public
string OpenReadWithHttps
(
string URL,
string strPostdata
)
-
 {
-
 Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default
;
-
 HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(URL
)
;
-
 request.Method =
"post"
;
-
 request.Accept =
"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*"
;
-
 request.ContentType =
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
;
-
 CookieContainer objcok =
new CookieContainer
(
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"键",
"值"
)
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"键",
"值"
)
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"sidi_sessionid",
"360A748941D055BEE8C960168C3D4233"
)
)
;
-
 request.CookieContainer = objcok
;
-
-
byte
[
] buffer = encoding.GetBytes
(strPostdata
)
;
-
 request.ContentLength = buffer.Length
;
-
-
 request.GetRequestStream
(
).Write
(buffer,
0, buffer.Length
)
;
-
 HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
(
)
;
-
 StreamReader reader =
new StreamReader
(response.GetResponseStream
(
),
System.
Text.Encoding.GetEncoding
(
"utf-8"
)
)
;
-
return reader.ReadToEnd
(
)
;
-
 }
特点: 1.还算有点水类型的,练习成功后可以小牛一把。 2.适应于需要登录才能访问的页面。 3.获取的数据类型为HTML文档。 4.请求方法为Get/Post 总结一下,其它基本的技能就这几个部分,如果再深入的话那就是基本技能的组合了 比如, 1. 先用Get或者Post方法登录然后取得Cookie再去访问页面得到信息,这种其它也是上面技能的组合, 这里需要以请求后做这样一步
普通浏览
复制代码
-
 response.Cookies
这就是在你请求后可以得到当次Cookie的方法,直接取得返回给上一个方法使用就行了,上面我们都是自己构造的,在这里直接使用这个Cookie就可以了。 2.如果我们碰到需要登录而且还要验证证书的网页怎么办,其它这个也很简单把我们上面的方法综合 一下就行了 如下代码这里我以Get为例子Post例子也是同样的方法
普通浏览
复制代码
-
-
-
-
-
-
public
string GetUrltoHtml
(
string Url
)
-
 {
-
 StringBuilder content =
new StringBuilder
(
)
;
-
-
try
-
 {
-
-
 ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =
new
System.
Net.
Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback
(CheckValidationResult
)
;
-
-
-
 HttpWebRequest request =
(HttpWebRequest
)WebRequest.Create
(Url
)
;
-
-
-
 X509Certificate objx509 =
new X509Certificate
(
Application.StartupPath +
"\\123.cer"
)
;
-
-
-
 request.ClientCertificates.Add
(objx509
)
;
-
-
 CookieContainer objcok =
new CookieContainer
(
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://www.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"键",
"值"
)
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://www.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"键",
"值"
)
)
;
-
 objcok.Add
(
new Uri
(
"http://www.cnblogs.com"
),
new Cookie
(
"sidi_sessionid",
"360A748941D055BEE8C960168C3D4233"
)
)
;
-
 request.CookieContainer = objcok
;
-
-
-
 HttpWebResponse response =
(HttpWebResponse
)request.GetResponse
(
)
;
-
-
 Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream
(
)
;
-
-
 StreamReader sReader =
new StreamReader
(responseStream, Encoding.GetEncoding
(
"utf-8"
)
)
;
-
-
 Char
[
] sReaderBuffer =
new Char
[
256
]
;
-
int count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256
)
;
-
while
(count >
0
)
-
 {
-
 String tempStr =
new String
(sReaderBuffer,
0, count
)
;
-
 content.Append
(tempStr
)
;
-
 count = sReader.Read
(sReaderBuffer,
0,
256
)
;
-
 }
-
-
 sReader.Close
(
)
;
-
 }
-
catch
(Exception
)
-
 {
-
 content =
new StringBuilder
(
"Runtime Error"
)
;
-
 }
-
-
return content.ToString
(
)
;
-
-
 }
3.如果我们碰到那种需要验证网页来源的方法应该怎么办呢,这种情况其它是有些程序员会想到你可能会使用程序,自动来获取网页信息,为了防止就使用页面来源来验证,就是说只要不是从他们所在页面或是域名过来的请求就不接受,有的是直接验证来源的IP,这些都可以使用下面一句来进入,这主要是这个地址是可以直接伪造的
普通浏览
复制代码
-
 request.Referer = <a href=
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com"><a href=\
"http://sufei.cnblogs.com/\" target=\"_blank\">http://sufei.cnblogs.com</a></a>;
呵呵其它很简单因为这个地址可以直接修改。但是如果服务器上验证的是来源的URL那就完了,我们就得去修改数据包了,这个有点难度暂时不讨论。 4.提供一些与这个例子相配置的方法 过滤HTML标签的方法
普通浏览
复制代码
-
/// <summary>
-
/// 过滤html标签
-
/// </summary>
-
/// <param name="strHtml
">html的内容</param>
-
/// <returns></returns>
-
public static string StripHTML(string stringToStrip)
-
{
-
// paring using RegEx //
-
stringToStrip = Regex.Replace(stringToStrip, "</p
(?:\\s*
)>
(?:\\s*
)<p
(?:\\s*
)>
", "\n\n
", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled);
-
stringToStrip = Regex.Replace(stringToStrip, "
-
", "\n
", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled);
-
stringToStrip = Regex.Replace(stringToStrip, "\
"",
"''", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled
)
;
-
 stringToStrip = StripHtmlXmlTags
(stringToStrip
)
;
-
return stringToStrip
;
-
 }
-
-
private
static
string StripHtmlXmlTags
(
string content
)
-
 {
-
return Regex.Replace
(content,
"<[^>]+>",
"", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Compiled
)
;
-
 }
URL转化的方法
普通浏览
复制代码
-
#region 转化 URL
-
-
public
static
string URLDecode
(
string text
)
-
 {
-
return HttpUtility.UrlDecode
(text, Encoding.Default
)
;
-
 }
-
-
public
static
string URLEncode
(
string text
)
-
 {
-
return HttpUtility.UrlEncode
(text, Encoding.Default
)
;
-
 }
-
-
#endregion
提供一个实际例子,这个是使用IP138来查询手机号码归属地的方法,其它在我的上一次文章里都有,在这里我再放上来是方便大家阅读,这方面的技术其它研究起来很有意思,希望大家多提建议,我相信应该还有更多更好,更完善的方法,在这里给大家提供一个参考吧。感谢支持 上例子
普通浏览
复制代码
-
-
-
-
-
-
public
static
string
[
] getTelldate
(
string number
)
-
 {
-
try
-
 {
-
string strSource = GetUrltoHtml
(
"http://www.ip138.com:8080/search.asp?action=mobile&mobile=" + number.Trim
(
)
)
;
-
-
 strSource = strSource.Substring
(strSource.IndexOf
(number
)
)
;
-
 strSource = StripHTML
(strSource
)
;
-
 strSource = strSource.Replace
(
"\r",
""
)
;
-
 strSource = strSource.Replace
(
"\n",
""
)
;
-
 strSource = strSource.Replace
(
"\t",
""
)
;
-
 strSource = strSource.Replace
(
" ",
""
)
;
-
 strSource = strSource.Replace
(
"-->",
""
)
;
-
string
[
] strnumber = strSource.Split
(
new
string
[
] {
"归属地",
"卡类型",
"邮 编",
"区 号",
"更详细",
"卡号" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries
)
;
-
string
[
] strnumber1 =
null
;
-
if
(strnumber.Length >
4
)
-
 {
-
 strnumber1 =
new
string
[
] { strnumber
[
1
].Trim
(
), strnumber
[
2
].Trim
(
), strnumber
[
3
].Trim
(
), strnumber
[
4
].Trim
(
) }
;
-
 }
-
return strnumber1
;
-
 }
-
catch
(Exception
)
-
 {
-
return
null
;
-
 }
-
 }
这个例子写是不怎么样,些地方是可以简化的,这个接口而且可以直接使用Xml得到,但我在这里的重点是让一些新手看看方法和思路风凉啊,呵呵 第四招,通过Socket访问
普通浏览
复制代码
-
-
-
-
-
-
private
static
string SMSrequest
(
string strSMSRequest
)
-
 {
-
byte
[
] data =
new
byte
[
1024
]
;
-
string stringData =
null
;
-
 IPHostEntry gist = Dns.GetHostByName
(
"www.110.cn"
)
;
-
 IPAddress ip = gist.AddressList
[
0
]
;
-
-
 IPEndPoint ipEnd =
new IPEndPoint
(ip,
3121
)
;
-
-
 Socket socket =
new Socket
(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp
)
;
-
-
try
-
 {
-
 socket.Connect
(ipEnd
)
;
-
 }
-
catch
(SocketException ex
)
-
 {
-
return
"Fail to connect server\r\n" + ex.ToString
(
)
;
-
 }
-
string path = strSMSRequest.ToString
(
).Trim
(
)
;
-
 StringBuilder buf =
new StringBuilder
(
)
;
-
-
-
-
byte
[
] ms =
System.
Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes
(buf.ToString
(
)
)
;
-
-
 socket.Send
(ms
)
;
-
-
string strSms =
""
;
-
int recv =
0
;
-
do
-
 {
-
 recv = socket.Receive
(data
)
;
-
 stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString
(data,
0, recv
)
;
-
-
 strSms = strSms + stringData
;
-
-
 }
-
while
(recv !=
0
)
;
-
 socket.Shutdown
(SocketShutdown.Both
)
;
-
 socket.Close
(
)
;
-
return strSms
;
-
 }
|