Git - 如何checkout一个tag

文章介绍了在Git版本管理中如何使用`gitfetch`更新本地tag列表,然后通过`gitcheckout`命令切换到特定tag,例如创建新分支或直接进入detachedHEAD状态。此外,还讲解了如何获取最新tag并切换到新分支的过程。

在版本管理中,Tag就是用来标记和保存一个配置状态,用来对配置进行跟踪和备份。

在发布版本时,一般都会创建一个Tag。然后用这个Tag就能引用到这个版本。

在Git中,如果知道一个Tag状态,如何在本地将配置切换到该状态呢?

使用checkmout命令,加上tag名,就可以切换到tag,类似于check out一个branch或commit。比如:

$ git checkout tags/<tag> -b <branch>

tags是前缀,不加也可以。还有后面的-b <branch>,也可以不加,如果不加,就是一个 'detached HEAD' state。

注意,这个tag是远程仓库的tag,而本地要有最新的tag list,包含这个要checkout出来的tag才可以。

如何更新本地tag list?

$ git fetch --all --tags 

Fetching origin 

From git-repository 

98a14be..7a9ad7f master -> origin/master 

* [new tag] v1.0 -> v1.0

这里fetch tags时,不加--all也可以。

举例,比如要checkout出一个“v1.0”的tag,同时创建一个新的branch名为“release”:

$ git checkout tags/v1.0 -b v1.0-branch 

Switched to a new branch 'v1.0-branch'

然后使用log命令查看一下本地工作区的状态,是否切换成功:

$ git log --oneline --graph 

* 53a7dcf (HEAD -> v1.0-branch, tag: v1.0) Version 1.0 commit 

* 0a9e448 added files 

* bd6903f (release) first commit

如何check出一个最新的tag出来?

1,更新本地Tag

$ git fetch --tags

2,使用git describe命令,取得最新的tag:

$ tag=$(git describe --tags `git rev-list --tags --max-count=1`) 

$ echo $tag 

v2.0

3,使用git checkout命令切换到新分支:

$ git checkout $tag -b latest 

Switched to a new branch 'latest'

然后使用git log命令来查阅是否操作成功。

参考:

1,How To Checkout Git Tags – devconnected

SUBDIR git-gui SUBDIR gitk-git SUBDIR templates install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/bin' install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/libexec/git-core' install git-daemon git-http-backend git-imap-send git-sh-i18n--envsubst git-shell git-http-fetch git-http-push git-remote-http git-remote-https git-remote-ftp git-remote-ftps git-bisect git-difftool--helper git-filter-branch git-merge-octopus git-merge-one-file git-merge-resolve git-mergetool git-quiltimport git-request-pull git-submodule git-web--browse git-add--interactive git-archimport git-cvsexportcommit git-cvsimport git-cvsserver git-send-email git-svn git-p4 git-instaweb '/usr/local/libexec/git-core' install -m 644 git-mergetool--lib git-rebase--preserve-merges git-sh-i18n git-sh-setup '/usr/local/libexec/git-core' install git git-receive-pack git-shell git-upload-archive git-upload-pack git-cvsserver '/usr/local/bin' make -C templates DESTDIR='' install make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/templates' install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/share/git-core/templates' (cd blt && tar cf - .) | \ (cd '/usr/local/share/git-core/templates' && umask 022 && tar xof -) make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/templates' install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/libexec/git-core/mergetools' install -m 644 mergetools/* '/usr/local/libexec/git-core/mergetools' install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/share/locale' (cd po/build/locale && tar cf - .) | \ (cd '/usr/local/share/locale' && umask 022 && tar xof -) install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/share/perl5' (cd perl/build/lib && tar cf - .) | \ (cd '/usr/local/share/perl5' && umask 022 && tar xof -) make -C gitweb install make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/gitweb' make[2]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0' make[2]: `GIT-VERSION-FILE' is up to date. make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0' install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/share/gitweb' install -m 755 gitweb.cgi '/usr/local/share/gitweb' install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/share/gitweb/static' install -m 644 static/gitweb.js static/gitweb.css static/git-logo.png static/git-favicon.png '/usr/local/share/gitweb/static' make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/gitweb' make -C gitk-git install make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/gitk-git' install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/bin' install -m 755 gitk-wish '/usr/local/bin'/gitk install -d -m 755 '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' install -m 644 po/pt_br.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/bg.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/zh_cn.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/ja.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/ca.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/sv.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/it.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/de.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/pt_pt.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/fr.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/ru.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/vi.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/hu.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && install -m 644 po/es.msg '/usr/local/share/gitk/lib/msgs' && true make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/gitk-git' make -C git-gui gitexecdir='/usr/local/libexec/git-core' install make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/git-gui' DEST /usr/local/libexec/git-core INSTALL 755 git-gui INSTALL 755 git-gui--askpass LINK git-citool -> git-gui DEST /usr/local/share/git-gui/lib INSTALL 644 tclIndex INSTALL 644 themed.tcl INSTALL 644 spellcheck.tcl INSTALL 644 branch_create.tcl INSTALL 644 line.tcl INSTALL 644 console.tcl INSTALL 644 checkout_op.tcl INSTALL 644 remote_add.tcl INSTALL 644 browser.tcl INSTALL 644 option.tcl INSTALL 644 merge.tcl INSTALL 644 index.tcl INSTALL 644 branch_checkout.tcl INSTALL 644 branch.tcl INSTALL 644 chord.tcl INSTALL 644 diff.tcl INSTALL 644 remote.tcl INSTALL 644 sshkey.tcl INSTALL 644 logo.tcl INSTALL 644 choose_font.tcl INSTALL 644 transport.tcl INSTALL 644 encoding.tcl INSTALL 644 mergetool.tcl INSTALL 644 tools.tcl INSTALL 644 tools_dlg.tcl INSTALL 644 status_bar.tcl INSTALL 644 search.tcl INSTALL 644 shortcut.tcl INSTALL 644 branch_rename.tcl INSTALL 644 class.tcl INSTALL 644 remote_branch_delete.tcl INSTALL 644 choose_repository.tcl INSTALL 644 about.tcl INSTALL 644 blame.tcl INSTALL 644 win32.tcl INSTALL 644 choose_rev.tcl INSTALL 644 commit.tcl INSTALL 644 branch_delete.tcl INSTALL 644 date.tcl INSTALL 644 database.tcl INSTALL 644 error.tcl INSTALL 644 git-gui.ico INSTALL 644 win32_shortcut.js DEST /usr/local/share/git-gui/lib/msgs INSTALL 644 nb.msg INSTALL 644 pt_br.msg INSTALL 644 bg.msg INSTALL 644 zh_cn.msg INSTALL 644 ja.msg INSTALL 644 it.msg INSTALL 644 de.msg INSTALL 644 pt_pt.msg INSTALL 644 fr.msg INSTALL 644 ru.msg INSTALL 644 el.msg INSTALL 644 hu.msg INSTALL 644 vi.msg INSTALL 644 sv.msg make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/git-2.30.0/git-gui' bindir=$(cd '/usr/local/bin' && pwd) && \ execdir=$(cd '/usr/local/libexec/git-core' && pwd) && \ destdir_from_execdir_SQ=$(echo 'libexec/git-core' | sed -e 's|[^/][^/]*|..|g') && \ { test "$bindir/" = "$execdir/" || \ for p in git git-shell git-cvsserver; do \ rm -f "$execdir/$p" && \ test -n "" && \ ln -s "$destdir_from_execdir_SQ/bin/$p" "$execdir/$p" || \ { test -z "" && \ ln "$bindir/$p" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \ cp "$bindir/$p" "$execdir/$p" || exit; } \ done; \ } && \ for p in git-receive-pack git-upload-archive git-upload-pack; do \ rm -f "$bindir/$p" && \ test -n "" && \ ln -s "git" "$bindir/$p" || \ { test -z "" && \ ln "$bindir/git" "$bindir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \ ln -s "git" "$bindir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \ cp "$bindir/git" "$bindir/$p" || exit; }; \ done && \ for p in git-add git-am git-annotate git-apply git-archive git-bisect--helper git-blame git-branch git-bugreport git-bundle git-cat-file git-check-attr git-check-ignore git-check-mailmap git-check-ref-format git-checkout-index git-checkout git-clean git-clone git-column git-commit-graph git-commit-tree git-commit git-config git-count-objects git-credential-cache--daemon git-credential-cache git-credential-store git-credential git-describe git-diff-files git-diff-index git-diff-tree git-diff git-difftool git-env--helper git-fast-export git-fast-import git-fetch-pack git-fetch git-fmt-merge-msg git-for-each-ref git-for-each-repo git-fsck git-gc git-get-tar-commit-id git-grep git-hash-object git-help git-index-pack git-init-db git-interpret-trailers git-log git-ls-files git-ls-remote git-ls-tree git-mailinfo git-mailsplit git-merge-base git-merge-file git-merge-index git-merge-ours git-merge-recursive git-merge-tree git-merge git-mktag git-mktree git-multi-pack-index git-mv git-name-rev git-notes git-pack-objects git-pack-redundant git-pack-refs git-patch-id git-prune-packed git-prune git-pull git-push git-range-diff git-read-tree git-rebase git-receive-pack git-reflog git-remote-ext git-remote-fd git-remote git-repack git-replace git-rerere git-reset git-rev-list git-rev-parse git-revert git-rm git-send-pack git-shortlog git-show-branch git-show-index git-show-ref git-sparse-checkout git-stash git-stripspace git-submodule--helper git-symbolic-ref git-tag git-unpack-file git-unpack-objects git-update-index git-update-ref git-update-server-info git-upload-archive git-upload-pack git-var git-verify-commit git-verify-pack git-verify-tag git-worktree git-write-tree git-cherry git-cherry-pick git-format-patch git-fsck-objects git-init git-maintenance git-merge-subtree git-restore git-show git-stage git-status git-switch git-whatchanged; do \ rm -f "$execdir/$p" && \ if test -z ""; \ then \ test -n "" && \ ln -s "$destdir_from_execdir_SQ/bin/git" "$execdir/$p" || \ { test -z "" && \ ln "$execdir/git" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \ ln -s "git" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \ cp "$execdir/git" "$execdir/$p" || exit; }; \ fi \ done && \ remote_curl_aliases="git-remote-https git-remote-ftp git-remote-ftps" && \ for p in $remote_curl_aliases; do \ rm -f "$execdir/$p" && \ test -n "" && \ ln -s "git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" || \ { test -z "" && \ ln "$execdir/git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \ ln -s "git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" 2>/dev/null || \ cp "$execdir/git-remote-http" "$execdir/$p" || exit; } \ done && \ ./check_bindir "z$bindir" "z$execdir" "$bindir/git-add"
07-15
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