计算机科学家(麦肯锡)敲定“人工智能”这个术语

注释:

Coined 【杜撰=生造】 笔者认为:可翻译为“敲定”或“钦定”。

字典

coin

  1. 名词
    硬币
    钱币
    金钱
    铸币
  2. 动词
    生造
    模压
    冲制

 

Computer Scientist Coined 'Artificial Intelligence'


Wall Street Journal - Stephen Miller - 25 Oct 2011

Collaborating with other pioneers of early computing, Mr. McCarthy worked on one of ...intelligence with Claude Shannon, the father of information theory...


Wall Street Journal

 

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203911804576653530510986612.html

 

 

 

John McCarthy helped found the study of artificial intelligence, named the discipline and spent decades making computers understand things that for humans arecommon sense.

 

Chuck Painter/Stanford News Service

John McCarthy, who helped pioneer computer chess, played a match in 1966. He came to think the game was a distraction for programmers.

 

He devised the programming language Lisp, a favored tool of software developers for more than a half-century.

 

Mr. McCarthy, who died Monday at age 84, brought a mathematician's rigor to computing. "He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense," he wrote in a 1995 paper.

 

Collaborating with other pioneers of early computing, Mr. McCarthyworked on one of the first chess-playing programs withBritish researcher Alan Turing and edited an early volume of papers onartificial intelligencewith Claude Shannon, the father of information theory.

 

Mr. McCarthy coined the phrase "artificial intelligence" for a 1956 conference he organized at Dartmouth College with longtime collaboratorMarvin Minsky, Mr. Shannon and others that is widely considered the crucible of the field.

 

He proposed Lisp in 1958 as a way to process more sophisticated mathematics thanFortran, the dominant programming language of the day. Later, Mr. McCarthy becamean architect of computer time-sharing. He envisioned dial-up networking and imagined a metered utilitysimilar to cloud computing.

 

Mr. McCarthy "really encapsulated what computation meant," Peter Norvig, the director of research at Google, told Wired magazine. "He was the first one to really put the essence of computing intoa simple programming language."

 

The son of a labor organizer and a women's suffrage activist, Mr. McCarthy was a "red-diaper baby," with both of his parents active in the Communist Party. During the Depression, his family lost their home in Boston and moved around before settling in Southern California, where his father, a sometime inventor, developed a hydraulic orange-juice squeezer.

 

Despite starting school late, Mr. McCarthy skipped grades and taught himselfenough calculusto take math graduate courses as a 16-year-old freshmanat California Institute of Technology. His application essay was a single sentence: "I intend to bea professor of mathematics."

 

After graduate studies at Princeton, Mr. McCarthy held appointments at Dartmouth,Stanford and theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.

 

In 1957, Mr. McCarthy teamed up with Mr. Minsky to found M.I.T.'s AI laboratory. He laterreturned to Stanford and founded an AI laboratorywhere he worked on early versions of a self-driving car. He produced papers on robot consciousness and free will and worked on ways of making programs understand or mimic human common-sense decision-making more effectively. Often his topics were seemingly trivial, such as making a computer create a plan to get to the airport.

 

Mr. McCarthy was twice married, the second time to Vera Watson, an International Business Machines Corp. computer programmer and mountaineer who was the first woman to solo climb to the summit of Aconcagua, the highest peak in the Americas. She died in 1978 from a fall while on an all-women expedition to Annapurna, a Himalayan peak in Nepal.

 

In recent years, Mr. McCarthy told interviewers that AI had a long way to go and that not enough was understood about thought processes.

 

Although he helped pioneer computer chess, Mr. McCarthy came to think the game was a distraction for programmers.

 

"Chess has developed much as genetics might have if the geneticists had concentrated their efforts starting in 1910 on breeding racing Drosophila," Mr. McCarthy wrote in the journal Science in 1997. "We would have some science, but mainly we would have very fast fruit flies."

 

Noting that IBM's computer Deep Bluehad finally defeated world champion Garry Kasparov, Mr. McCarthy added, "It is time for chess to become a Drosophila again."

Write to Stephen Miller at stephen.miller@wsj.com

 

 

 

1. 用户与身体信息管理模块 用户信息管理: 注册登录:支持手机号 / 邮箱注册,密码加密存储,提供第三方快捷登录(模拟) 个人资料:记录基本信息(姓名、年龄、性别、身高、体重、职业) 健康目标:用户设置目标(如 “减重 5kg”“增肌”“维持健康”)及期望周期 身体状态跟踪: 体重记录:定期录入体重数据,生成体重变化曲线(折线图) 身体指标:记录 BMI(自动计算)、体脂率(可选)、基础代谢率(根据身高体重估算) 健康状况:用户可填写特殊情况(如糖尿病、过敏食物、素食偏好),系统据此调整推荐 2. 膳食记录与食物数据库模块 食物数据库: 基础信息:包含常见食物(如米饭、鸡蛋、牛肉)的名称、类别(主食 / 肉类 / 蔬菜等)、每份重量 营养成分:记录每 100g 食物的热量(kcal)、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质含量 数据库维护:管理员可添加新食物、更新营养数据,支持按名称 / 类别检索 膳食记录功能: 快速记录:用户选择食物、输入食用量(克 / 份),系统自动计算摄入的营养成分 餐次分类:按早餐 / 午餐 / 晚餐 / 加餐分类记录,支持上传餐食照片(可选) 批量操作:提供常见套餐模板(如 “三明治 + 牛奶”),一键添加到记录 历史记录:按日期查看过往膳食记录,支持编辑 / 删除错误记录 3. 营养分析模块 每日营养摄入分析: 核心指标计算:统计当日摄入的总热量、蛋白质 / 脂肪 / 碳水化合物占比(按每日推荐量对比) 微量营养素分析:检查维生素(如维生素 C、钙、铁)的摄入是否达标 平衡评估:生成 “营养平衡度” 评分(0-100 分),指出摄入过剩或不足的营养素 趋势分析: 周 / 月营养趋势:用折线图展示近 7 天 / 30 天的热量、三大营养素摄入变化 对比分析:将实际摄入与推荐量对比(如 “蛋白质摄入仅达到推荐量的 70%”) 目标达成率:针对健
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值