轮胎规格:195/60 R15

本文详细解释了轮胎尺寸标记195/60 R15的具体含义:195表示轮胎宽度为195毫米;60代表轮胎扁平率为60%,即轮胎高度为117毫米;R15指轮毂直径为15英寸。

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一直没太深究,今天算是弄明白了。

 

195-胎宽195mm

 

60-胎厚与胎宽的百分比,195mm*0.60=117mm,也就是轮胎的厚度

 

R15-轮毂的直径为15英寸

 

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* 正在执行任务: & 'make' -f laide.makefile 开始构建... /usr/bin/make -C build clean make[1]: 进入目录“/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/build” rm -rf *.o *.elf *.map *.bin *.s *.a make[1]: 离开目录“/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/build” /usr/bin/make -C build all make[1]: 进入目录“/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/build” gcc -std=gnu99 -O0 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -msoft-float -fsched-pressure -fno-builtin -D LS1C102 -I/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/drivers/include -I/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/drivers/public -I/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/drivers/private/ls1c102 -I/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system -I/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/src -c -o start.o /d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S: Assembler messages: D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:23: Warning: .type pseudo-op used outside of .def/.endef: ignored. D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:23: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `_' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:27: Error: no such instruction: `move $r13,$r0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:28: Error: no such instruction: `b LoopCopyDataInit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:30: Error: no such instruction: `la.abs $r15,_sidata' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:31: Error: no such instruction: `add.w $r16,$r15,$r13' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:32: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r15,$r16,0x0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:33: Error: no such instruction: `add.w $r16,$r12,$r13' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:34: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r15,$r16,0x0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:35: Error: no such instruction: `addi.w $r13,$r13,0x4' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:37: Error: no such instruction: `la.abs $r12,_sdata' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:38: Error: no such instruction: `la.abs $r15,_edata' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:39: Error: no such instruction: `add.w $r14,$r12,$r13' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:40: Error: no such instruction: `bne $r14,$r15,CopyDataInit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:43: Error: no such instruction: `la.abs $r12,_sbss' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:44: Error: no such instruction: `la.abs $r13,_ebss' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:45: Error: no such instruction: `beq $r13,$r12,cpu_init_start' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:47: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r0,$r12,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:48: Error: no such instruction: `addi.w $r12,$r12,4' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:49: Error: no such instruction: `bne $r13,$r12,LoopFillZerobss' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:55: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r12,0x1c001000' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:56: Error: no such instruction: `csrwr $r12,0xc' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:57: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r12,(0<<16)|(0x0000<<0)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:58: Error: no such instruction: `csrwr $r12,0x4' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:60: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r12,0x1fff' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:61: Error: no such instruction: `csrxchg $r12,$r12,0x4' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:63: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r12,(0xfff1ffff)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:64: Error: no such instruction: `csrwr $r12,0x191' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:66: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r12,(0x76503210)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:67: Error: no such instruction: `csrwr $r12,0x190' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:69: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r12,0x8' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:70: Error: no such instruction: `csrxchg $r0,$r12,0x0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:73: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r3,(0x80002000-132)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:75: Error: no such instruction: `bl bsp_init' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:77: Error: no such instruction: `jirl $r0,$r1,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:82: Error: no such instruction: `idle 0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:83: Error: no such instruction: `jr $r1' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:88: Warning: .type pseudo-op used outside of .def/.endef: ignored. D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:88: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `m' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:90: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r12,0x3ff80' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:91: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r13,0xbfe60000' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:92: Error: at most 2 immediate operands are allowed D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:93: Error: no such instruction: `ori $r15,$r13,0x18' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:94: Error: no such instruction: `addi.w $r16,$r0,0x10' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:95: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r14,0xa0000000' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:96: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r16,$r15,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:97: Error: at most 2 immediate operands are allowed D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:98: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r14,$r13,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:99: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r15,0x40000000' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:100: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r14,0x5aa555aa' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:101: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r15,$r13,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:102: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r15,0xe0000000' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:103: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r14,$r4,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:104: Error: at most 2 immediate operands are allowed D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:105: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r12,$r13,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:107: Error: no such instruction: `jirl $r0,$r1,0' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `csrwr $r21,0x31' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r21,(0x80002000)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r12,$r21,-0x4' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r13,$r21,-0x8' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r14,$r21,-0xc' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r15,$r21,-0x10' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r16,$r21,-0x14' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r17,$r21,-0x18' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r18,$r21,-0x1c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r19,$r21,-0x20' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r20,$r21,-0x24' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r4,$r21,-0x4c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r5,$r21,-0x50' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r6,$r21,-0x54' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r7,$r21,-0x58' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r8,$r21,-0x5c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r9,$r21,-0x60' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r10,$r21,-0x64' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r11,$r21,-0x68' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r1,$r21,-0x6c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:113: Error: no such instruction: `st.w $r3,$r21,-0x70' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:114: Error: no such instruction: `csrrd $r12,0x5' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:115: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,(0xbbc)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:116: Error: no such instruction: `beqz $r13,exception_core_check' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:120: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,0x4' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:121: Error: no such instruction: `bnez $r13,wake_label' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:123: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,0x8' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:124: Error: no such instruction: `bnez $r13,touch_label' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:126: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,0x10' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:127: Error: no such instruction: `bnez $r13,uart2_label' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:129: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,0x20' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:130: Error: no such instruction: `bnez $r13,bcc_label' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:132: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,0x80' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:133: Error: no such instruction: `bnez $r13,exint_label' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:135: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,0x800' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:136: Error: no such instruction: `bnez $r13,timer_label' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:139: Error: no such instruction: `bl TIMER_WAKE_INT' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:140: Error: no such instruction: `b exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:143: Error: no such instruction: `bl TOUCH' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:144: Error: no such instruction: `b exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:147: Error: no such instruction: `bl UART2_INT' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:148: Error: no such instruction: `b exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:151: Error: no such instruction: `bl BAT_FAIL' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:152: Error: no such instruction: `b exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:155: Error: no such instruction: `bl ext_handler' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:156: Error: no such instruction: `b exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:159: Error: no such instruction: `bl TIMER_HANDLER' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:160: Error: no such instruction: `b exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:207: Error: no such instruction: `andi $r13,$r12,(0x40)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:208: Error: no such instruction: `beqz $r13,exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:209: Error: no such instruction: `bl intc_handler' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:210: Error: no such instruction: `b exception_exit' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `li.w $r21,(0x80002000)' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r12,$r21,-0x4' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r13,$r21,-0x8' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r14,$r21,-0xc' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r15,$r21,-0x10' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r16,$r21,-0x14' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r17,$r21,-0x18' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r18,$r21,-0x1c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r19,$r21,-0x20' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r20,$r21,-0x24' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r4,$r21,-0x4c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r5,$r21,-0x50' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r6,$r21,-0x54' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r7,$r21,-0x58' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r8,$r21,-0x5c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r9,$r21,-0x60' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r10,$r21,-0x64' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r11,$r21,-0x68' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r1,$r21,-0x6c' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `ld.w $r3,$r21,-0x70' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:213: Error: no such instruction: `csrrd $r21,0x31' D:/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/system/start.S:214: Error: no such instruction: `ertn' make[1]: *** [Makefile:99:start.o] 错误 1 make[1]: 离开目录“/d/LX1C/01_LS1C_LED_Test/01_LS1C_LED_Test/build” make: *** [laide.makefile:35:build/1c102_demo.bin] 错误 2 * 终端进程“C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -Command & 'make' -f laide.makefile ”已终止,退出代码: 1。 * 终端将被任务重用,按任意键关闭。
06-21
<think>我们正在解决GCC编译start.S文件时出现大量'nosuchinstruction'错误的问题。根据错误信息,这通常是由于目标架构和汇编语法不匹配造成的。具体来说,可能是汇编器无法识别指令,因为指令集架构(ISA)与汇编器期望的语法不一致。根据引用[1]和[2]的内容,我们了解到内联汇编可能会带来一些问题,但这里我们处理的是独立的汇编文件(start.S)。因此,我们需要确保在编译汇编文件时使用正确的架构和语法。可能的原因及解决方案:1.**汇编器不支持目标架构**:检查使用的汇编器是否支持目标架构(例如loongarch32)。确保工具链正确配置。2.**汇编语法不匹配**:不同的汇编器(如GAS)支持不同的语法(AT&T或Intel)。LoongArch架构通常使用一种特定的汇编语法,需要确认start.S文件中的语法是否与工具链期望的语法一致。3.**文件扩展名问题**:GCC根据文件扩展名判断文件类型。.S(大写S)表示预处理后的汇编文件,会经过C预处理器处理;.s(小写s)表示直接汇编文件。如果start.S需要预处理,则必须使用大写S,否则可能会跳过预处理步骤导致宏未展开。4.**缺少必要的预处理器定义**:汇编文件中可能使用了条件编译或宏,如果缺少必要的宏定义,可能会导致一些指令被错误地忽略或替换。5.**指令拼写错误或大小写问题**:某些架构要求指令使用特定的大小写(例如全部小写)。检查指令是否按照目标架构的要求书写。6.**缺少架构指定选项**:在编译汇编文件时,可能需要通过选项指定目标架构,例如`-march=la32`。具体步骤:步骤1:检查Makefile中编译start.S的规则,确保使用了正确的选项。在之前的Makefile中,我们可能没有为汇编文件单独指定选项。我们需要在编译汇编文件时传递架构相关的选项。步骤2:修改Makefile,为汇编文件添加编译选项。假设我们的工具链支持loongarch32架构,我们需要在编译汇编文件时使用`-march=la32`(具体选项请参考工具链文档)。同时,确保使用大写.S文件时经过预处理器处理。在Makefile中,我们可以这样为汇编文件指定规则:```makefile$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o:%.S$(CC)-c$(CFLAGS)$(ASFLAGS)$<-o$@```其中,`ASFLAGS`是专门用于汇编文件的选项。我们需要在Makefile中设置`ASFLAGS`,例如:```makefileASFLAGS=-march=la32```步骤3:如果问题仍然存在,可以尝试使用`-v`选项查看详细的编译过程,以确定汇编器是否被正确调用以及传递的选项是否正确。步骤4:如果汇编文件中使用了特殊的指令或伪指令,可能需要包含特定的头文件或使用特定的汇编器指令(如`.set`等)来设置架构。步骤5:检查汇编文件是否使用了正确的语法。例如,LoongArch的汇编指令通常是小写,操作数的顺序和格式也有特定要求。示例:在LoongArch中,加法指令可能是`add.wrd,rj,rk`,而如果写成`ADD`(大写)或者操作数顺序错误,汇编器可能无法识别。步骤6:如果汇编文件需要预处理(例如有`#include`或`#define`等),确保使用大写.S扩展名,并且GCC会调用预处理器。如果使用小写.s,则不会进行预处理。因此,请确保文件名为start.S(大写S)。步骤7:如果汇编文件中包含内联汇编(根据引用[2]),需要注意内联汇编与编译器的交互可能产生问题。但独立的汇编文件通常不包含内联汇编,所以这个问题可能不适用。但是,如果start.S文件中包含内联汇编(例如在C代码中嵌入汇编,但错误地放到了.S文件中),那么可能会出现问题。独立的汇编文件应该使用纯汇编语法。总结:在Makefile中,我们需要确保汇编文件的编译规则正确,并且传递了必要的架构选项。同时,检查汇编文件本身的语法和指令是否符合目标架构的要求。修改后的Makefile片段:```makefile#设置汇编选项ASFLAGS=-march=la32#汇编文件编译规则$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o:%.S$(CC)-c$(CFLAGS)$(ASFLAGS)$<-o$@```注意:`$(CFLAGS)`可能已经包含了一些选项,如果这些选项与汇编文件不兼容,可能需要为汇编文件单独设置选项(即不使用`CFLAGS`)。另外,如果工具链的汇编器要求特定的语法(比如AT&T或Intel),可能需要通过选项指定。但是LoongArch工具链通常使用自己的汇编语法,所以一般不需要指定。如果问题仍然存在,请提供具体的错误信息,以便进一步分析。相关问题:1.如何为不同的目标架构配置GCC汇编选项?2.如何调试Makefile中的编译规则?3.GCC编译汇编文件时预处理器如何处理宏?4.LoongArch汇编语言的基本语法规则是什么?</think>针对 GCC 编译 start.S 文件时出现 "no such instruction" 错误的问题,这通常是由于目标架构与汇编语法不匹配造成的。以下是系统性的解决方案: ### 根本原因分析 1. **架构标识错误**:GCC 未正确识别目标处理器架构 2. **语法模式错误**:汇编器使用了不兼容的语法模式(如 AT&T vs Intel) 3. **指令集不匹配**:汇编指令与目标 CPU 指令集不符 4. **预处理缺失**:`.S` 文件需要预处理器但未启用 ### 解决方案步骤 #### 1. 明确指定目标架构 在编译命令中添加 `-march` 参数: ```bash # LoongArch 32位架构示例 gcc -c start.S -march=la32 -o start.o ``` 常见架构标识符: - `-march=la32` (LoongArch 32位) - `-march=riscv` (RISC-V) - `-march=armv7-a` (ARM Cortex-A) #### 2. 强制语法模式 添加汇编器方言选项: ```bash # 使用通用汇编语法(避免工具链特定语法) gcc -c start.S -masm=generic -o start.o ``` 或明确指定语法: ```bash # AT&T 语法 gcc -c start.S -masm=att -o start.o # Intel 语法 gcc -c start.S -masm=intel -o start.o ``` #### 3. 启用汇编预处理 `.S` 文件必须经过 C 预处理器: ```bash # 确保大写.S扩展名(自动启用预处理) gcc -c start.S -o start.o # 显式启用预处理(适用于小写.s文件) gcc -c -x assembler-with-cpp start.s -o start.o ``` #### 4. 检查指令兼容性 在汇编文件中添加架构声明: ```armasm /* start.S 头部添加 */ .arch la32 # LoongArch 32声明 .cpu la32 # CPU 类型声明 .syntax unified # 统一语法模式 ``` #### 5. Makefile 修正示例 ```makefile # 添加架构和语法选项 ASFLAGS = -march=la32 -masm=generic -Wa,--fatal-warnings $(BUILD_DIR)/start.o: start.S $(CC) -c $(ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ ``` ### 关键验证方法 1. **查看目标架构**: ```bash gcc -march=la32 -Q --help=target | grep march ``` 2. **检查支持的指令集**: ```bash loongarch32-newlib-elf-as --march=help ``` 3. **预处理检查**: ```bash gcc -E start.S -o start.i # 查看预处理后的代码 ``` ### 错误处理示例 原始错误: ```log start.S:15: Error: no such instruction: `lw $t0, 0($sp)' ``` 修正方案: ```armasm /* 使用通用寄存器名称 */ lw a0, 0(sp) /* LoongArch 使用 a0-a7 寄存器 */ ``` > 汇编代码移植需要特别注意寄存器命名和内存访问模式的差异[^1]。编译器对内联汇编的优化可能改变上下文环境[^2],独立汇编文件应避免依赖外部变量。
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