Android.mk file syntax specification

本文档详细介绍了 Android.mk 构建文件的语法,该文件用于向 Android NDK 描述 C 和 C++ 源文件。内容覆盖了 Android.mk 的基本结构、变量定义、宏函数使用等关键信息。

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From: http://www.kandroid.org/ndk/docs/ANDROID-MK.html

Introduction:

This document describes the syntax of Android.mk build file written to describe your C and C++ source files to the AndroidNDK. To understand what follows, it is assumed that you have read the docs/OVERVIEW.html file that explains their role andusage.

Overview:

An Android.mk file is written to describe your sources to the build system. More specifically:- The file is really a tiny GNU Makefile fragment that will be parsed one or more times by the build system. As such, you should try to minimize the variables you declare there and do not assume that anything is not defined during parsing.- The file syntax is designed to allow you to group your sources into 'modules'. A module is one of the following: - a static library - a shared library Only shared libraries will be installed/copied to your application package. Static libraries can be used to generate shared libraries though. You can define one or more modules in each Android.mk file, and you can use the same source file in several modules.- The build system handles many details for you. For example, you don't need to list header files or explicit dependencies between generated files in your Android.mk. The NDK build system will compute these automatically for you. This also means that, when updating to newer releases of the NDK, you should be able to benefit from new toolchain/platform support without having to touch your Android.mk files.Note that the syntax is *very* close to the one used in Android.mk files distributed with the full open-source Android platform sources. Whilethe build system implementation that uses them is different, this is an intentional design decision made to allow reuse of 'external' libraries'source code easier for application developers.

Simple example:

Before describing the syntax in details, let's consider the simple "hello JNI" example, i.e. the files under: apps/hello-jni/projectHere, we can see: - The 'src' directory containing the Java sources for the sample Android project. - The 'jni' directory containing the native source for the sample, i.e. 'jni/hello-jni.c' This source file implements a simple shared library that implements a native method that returns a string to the VM application. - The 'jni/Android.mk' file that describes the shared library to the NDK build system. Its content is:
   LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

   include $(CLEAR_VARS)

   LOCAL_MODULE    := hello-jni
   LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c

   include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
Now, let's explain these lines: LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)An Android.mk file must begin with the definition of the LOCAL_PATH variable.It is used to locate source files in the development tree. In this example, the macro function 'my-dir', provided by the build system, is used to returnthe path of the current directory (i.e. the directory containing the Android.mk file itself). include $(CLEAR_VARS)The CLEAR_VARS variable is provided by the build system and points to a special GNU Makefile that will clear many LOCAL_XXX variables for you(e.g. LOCAL_MODULE, LOCAL_SRC_FILES, LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES, etc...), with the exception of LOCAL_PATH. This is needed because all buildcontrol files are parsed in a single GNU Make execution context where all variables are global. LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jniThe LOCAL_MODULE variable must be defined to identify each module you describe in your Android.mk. The name must be *unique* and not containany spaces. Note that the build system will automatically add proper prefix and suffix to the corresponding generated file. In other words,a shared library module named 'foo' will generate 'libfoo.so'.

IMPORTANT NOTE:If you name your module 'libfoo', the build system will not add another 'lib' prefix and will generate libfoo.so as well.This is to support Android.mk files that originate from the Android platform sources, would you need to use these.

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.cThe LOCAL_SRC_FILES variables must contain a list of C and/or C++ source files that will be built and assembled into a module. Note that you shouldnot list header and included files here, because the build system will compute dependencies automatically for you; just list the source filesthat will be passed directly to a compiler, and you should be good.Note that the default extension for C++ source files is '.cpp'. It is however possible to specify a different one by defining the variableLOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION. Don't forget the initial dot (i.e. '.cxx' will work, but not 'cxx'). include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)The BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY is a variable provided by the build system that points to a GNU Makefile script that is in charge of collecting all theinformation you defined in LOCAL_XXX variables since the latest 'include $(CLEAR_VARS)' and determine what to build, and how to do itexactly. There is also BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY to generate a static library.There are more complex examples in the samples directories, with commented Android.mk files that you can look at.

Reference:

This is the list of variables you should either rely on or define in an Android.mk. You can define other variables for your own usage, butthe NDK build system reserves the following variable names:- names that begin with LOCAL_ (e.g. LOCAL_MODULE)- names that begin with PRIVATE_, NDK_ or APP_ (used internally)- lower-case names (used internally, e.g. 'my-dir')If you need to define your own convenience variables in an Android.mk file, we recommend using the MY_ prefix, for a trivial example:
    MY_SOURCES := foo.c
    ifneq ($(MY_CONFIG_BAR),)
      MY_SOURCES += bar.c
    endif

    LOCAL_SRC_FILES += $(MY_SOURCES)
So, here we go:
NDK-provided variables:
These GNU Make variables are defined by the build system before your Android.mk file is parsed. Note that under certain circumstancesthe NDK might parse your Android.mk several times, each with different definition for some of these variables.CLEAR_VARS Points to a build script that undefines nearly all LOCAL_XXX variables listed in the "Module-description" section below. You must include the script before starting a new module, e.g.: include $(CLEAR_VARS)BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY Points to a build script that collects all the information about the module you provided in LOCAL_XXX variables and determines how to build a target shared library from the sources you listed. Note that you must have LOCAL_MODULE and LOCAL_SRC_FILES defined, at a minimum before including this file. Example usage: include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY) note that this will generate a file named lib$(LOCAL_MODULE).soBUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY A variant of BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY that is used to build a target static library instead. Static libraries are not copied into your project/packages but can be used to build shared libraries (see LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES and LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES described below). Example usage: include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY) Note that this will generate a file named lib$(LOCAL_MODULE).aPREBUILT_SHARED_LIBRARY Points to a build script used to specify a prebuilt shared library. Unlike BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY and BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY, the value of LOCAL_SRC_FILES must be a single path to a prebuilt shared library (e.g. foo/libfoo.so), instead of a source file. You can reference the prebuilt library in another module using the LOCAL_PREBUILTS variable (see docs/PREBUILTS.html for more information).PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY This is the same as PREBUILT_SHARED_LIBRARY, but for a static library file instead. See docs/PREBUILTS.html for more.TARGET_ARCH Name of the target CPU architecture as it is specified by the full Android open-source build. This is 'arm' for any ARM-compatible build, independent of the CPU architecture revision.TARGET_PLATFORM Name of the target Android platform when this Android.mk is parsed. For example, 'android-3' correspond to Android 1.5 system images. For a complete list of platform names and corresponding Android system images, read docs/STABLE-APIS.html.TARGET_ARCH_ABI Name of the target CPU+ABI when this Android.mk is parsed. Two values are supported at the moment: armeabi For ARMv5TE armeabi-v7a NOTE: Up to Android NDK 1.6_r1, this variable was simply defined as 'arm'. However, the value has been redefined to better match what is used internally by the Android platform. For more details about architecture ABIs and corresponding compatibility issues, please read docs/CPU-ARCH-ABIS.html Other target ABIs will be introduced in future releases of the NDK and will have a different name. Note that all ARM-based ABIs will have 'TARGET_ARCH' defined to 'arm', but may have different 'TARGET_ARCH_ABI'TARGET_ABI The concatenation of target platform and ABI, it really is defined as $(TARGET_PLATFORM)-$(TARGET_ARCH_ABI) and is useful when you want to test against a specific target system image for a real device. By default, this will be 'android-3-armeabi' (Up to Android NDK 1.6_r1, this used to be 'android-3-arm' by default)
NDK-provided function macros:
The following are GNU Make 'function' macros, and must be evaluated by using '$(call <function>)'. They return textual information.my-dir Returns the path of the last included Makefile, which typically is the current Android.mk's directory. This is useful to define LOCAL_PATH at the start of your Android.mk as with: LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to the way GNU Make works, this really returns the path of the *last* *included* *Makefile* during the parsing of build scripts. Do not call my-dir after including another file. For example, consider the following example: LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) ... declare one module include $(LOCAL_PATH)/foo/Android.mk LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) ... declare another module The problem here is that the second call to 'my-dir' will define LOCAL_PATH to $PATH/foo instead of $PATH, due to the include that was performed before that. For this reason, it's better to put additional includes after everything else in an Android.mk, as in: LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) ... declare one module LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) ... declare another module # extra includes at the end of the Android.mk include $(LOCAL_PATH)/foo/Android.mk If this is not convenient, save the value of the first my-dir call into another variable, for example: MY_LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) LOCAL_PATH := $(MY_LOCAL_PATH) ... declare one module include $(LOCAL_PATH)/foo/Android.mk LOCAL_PATH := $(MY_LOCAL_PATH) ... declare another moduleall-subdir-makefiles Returns a list of Android.mk located in all sub-directories of the current 'my-dir' path. For example, consider the following hierarchy: sources/foo/Android.mk sources/foo/lib1/Android.mk sources/foo/lib2/Android.mk If sources/foo/Android.mk contains the single line: include $(call all-subdir-makefiles) Then it will include automatically sources/foo/lib1/Android.mk and sources/foo/lib2/Android.mk This function can be used to provide deep-nested source directory hierarchies to the build system. Note that by default, the NDK will only look for files in sources/*/Android.mkthis-makefile Returns the path of the current Makefile (i.e. where the function is called).parent-makefile Returns the path of the parent Makefile in the inclusion tree, i.e. the path of the Makefile that included the current one.grand-parent-makefile Guess what...import-module A function that allows you to find and include the Android.mk of another module by name. A typical example is: $(call import-module,<name>) And this will look for the module tagged <name> in the list of directories referenced by your NDK_MODULE_PATH environment variable, and include its Android.mk automatically for you. Read docs/IMPORT-MODULE.html for more details.
Module-description variables:
The following variables are used to describe your module to the build system. You should define some of them between an 'include $(CLEAR_VARS)'and an 'include $(BUILD_XXXXX)'. As written previously, $(CLEAR_VARS) is a script that will undefine/clear all of these variables, unless explicitlynoted in their description.LOCAL_PATH This variable is used to give the path of the current file. You MUST define it at the start of your Android.mk, which can be done with: LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) This variable is *not* cleared by $(CLEAR_VARS) so only one definition per Android.mk is needed (in case you define several modules in a single file).LOCAL_MODULE This is the name of your module. It must be unique among all module names, and shall not contain any space. You MUST define it before including any $(BUILD_XXXX) script. By default, the module name determines the name of generated files, e.g. lib<foo>.so for a shared library module named <foo>. However you should only refer to other modules with their 'normal' name (e.g. <foo>) in your NDK build files (either Android.mk or Application.mk) You can override this default with LOCAL_MODULE_FILENAME (see below)LOCAL_MODULE_FILENAME This variable is optional, and allows you to redefine the name of generated files. By default, module <foo> will always generate a static library named lib<foo>.a or a shared library named lib<foo>.so, which are standard Unix conventions. You can override this by defining LOCAL_MODULE_FILENAME, For example: LOCAL_MODULE := foo-version-1 LOCAL_MODULE_FILENAME := libfoo NOTE: You should not put a path or file extension in your LOCAL_MODULE_FILENAME, these will be handled automatically by the build system.LOCAL_SRC_FILES This is a list of source files that will be built for your module. Only list the files that will be passed to a compiler, since the build system automatically computes dependencies for you. Note that source files names are all relative to LOCAL_PATH and you can use path components, e.g.: LOCAL_SRC_FILES := foo.c \ toto/bar.c NOTE: Always use Unix-style forward slashes (/) in build files. Windows-style back-slashes will not be handled properly.LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION This is an optional variable that can be defined to indicate the file extension of C++ source files. The default is '.cpp' but you can change it. For example: LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION := .cxx Since NDK r7, you can list several extensions in this variable, as in: LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION := .cxx .cpp .ccLOCAL_CPP_FEATURES This is an optional variable that can be defined to indicate that your code relies on specific C++ features. To indicate that your code uses RTTI (RunTime Type Information), use the following: LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES := rtti To indicate that your code uses C++ exceptions, use: LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES := exceptions You can also use both of them with (order is not important): LOCAL_CPP_FEATURES := rtti exceptions The effect of this variable is to enable the right compiler/linker flags when building your modules from sources. For prebuilt binaries, this also helps declare which features the binary relies on to ensure the final link works correctly. It is recommended to use this variable instead of enabling -frtti and -fexceptions directly in your LOCAL_CPPFLAGS definition.LOCAL_C_INCLUDES An optional list of paths, relative to the NDK *root* directory, which will be appended to the include search path when compiling all sources (C, C++ and Assembly). For example: LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := sources/foo Or even: LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/../foo These are placed before any corresponding inclusion flag in LOCAL_CFLAGS / LOCAL_CPPFLAGS The LOCAL_C_INCLUDES path are also used automatically when launching native debugging with ndk-gdb.LOCAL_CFLAGS An optional set of compiler flags that will be passed when building C *and* C++ source files. This can be useful to specify additional macro definitions or compile options. IMPORTANT: Try not to change the optimization/debugging level in your Android.mk, this can be handled automatically for you by specifying the appropriate information in your Application.mk, and will let the NDK generate useful data files used during debugging. NOTE: In android-ndk-1.5_r1, the corresponding flags only applied to C source files, not C++ ones. This has been corrected to match the full Android build system behaviour. (You can use LOCAL_CPPFLAGS to specify flags for C++ sources only now). It is possible to specify additional include paths with LOCAL_CFLAGS += -I<path>, however, it is better to use LOCAL_C_INCLUDES for this, since the paths will then also be used during native debugging with ndk-gdb.LOCAL_CXXFLAGS An alias for LOCAL_CPPFLAGS. Note that use of this flag is obsolete as it may disappear in future releases of the NDK.LOCAL_CPPFLAGS An optional set of compiler flags that will be passed when building C++ source files *only*. They will appear after the LOCAL_CFLAGS on the compiler's command-line. NOTE: In android-ndk-1.5_r1, the corresponding flags applied to both C and C++ sources. This has been corrected to match the full Android build system. (You can use LOCAL_CFLAGS to specify flags for both C and C++ sources now).LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES The list of static libraries modules (built with BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY) that should be linked to this module. This only makes sense in shared library modules.LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES The list of shared libraries *modules* this module depends on at runtime. This is necessary at link time and to embed the corresponding information in the generated file.LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES A variant of LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES used to express that the corresponding library module should be used as "whole archives" to the linker. See the GNU linker's documentation for the --whole-archive flag. This is generally useful when there are circular dependencies between several static libraries. Note that when used to build a shared library, this will force all object files from your whole static libraries to be added to the final binary. This is not true when generating executables though.LOCAL_LDLIBS The list of additional linker flags to be used when building your module. This is useful to pass the name of specific system libraries with the "-l" prefix. For example, the following will tell the linker to generate a module that links to /system/lib/libz.so at load time: LOCAL_LDLIBS := -lz See docs/STABLE-APIS.html for the list of exposed system libraries you can linked against with this NDK release.LOCAL_ALLOW_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS By default, any undefined reference encountered when trying to build a shared library will result in an "undefined symbol" error. This is a great help to catch bugs in your source code. However, if for some reason you need to disable this check, set this variable to 'true'. Note that the corresponding shared library may fail to load at runtime.LOCAL_ARM_MODE By default, ARM target binaries will be generated in 'thumb' mode, where each instruction are 16-bit wide. You can define this variable to 'arm' if you want to force the generation of the module's object files in 'arm' (32-bit instructions) mode. E.g.: LOCAL_ARM_MODE := arm Note that you can also instruct the build system to only build specific sources in ARM mode by appending an '.arm' suffix to its source file name. For example, with: LOCAL_SRC_FILES := foo.c bar.c.arm Tells the build system to always compile 'bar.c' in ARM mode, and to build foo.c according to the value of LOCAL_ARM_MODE. NOTE: Setting APP_OPTIM to 'debug' in your Application.mk will also force the generation of ARM binaries as well. This is due to bugs in the toolchain debugger that don't deal too well with thumb code.LOCAL_ARM_NEON Defining this variable to 'true' allows the use of ARM Advanced SIMD (a.k.a. NEON) GCC intrinsics in your C and C++ sources, as well as NEON instructions in Assembly files. You should only define it when targeting the 'armeabi-v7a' ABI that corresponds to the ARMv7 instruction set. Note that not all ARMv7 based CPUs support the NEON instruction set extensions and that you should perform runtime detection to be able to use this code at runtime safely. To learn more about this, please read the documentation at docs/CPU-ARM-NEON.html and docs/CPU-FEATURES.html. Alternatively, you can also specify that only specific source files may be compiled with NEON support by using the '.neon' suffix, as in: LOCAL_SRC_FILES = foo.c.neon bar.c zoo.c.arm.neon In this example, 'foo.c' will be compiled in thumb+neon mode, 'bar.c' will be compiled in 'thumb' mode, and 'zoo.c' will be compiled in 'arm+neon' mode. Note that the '.neon' suffix must appear after the '.arm' suffix if you use both (i.e. foo.c.arm.neon works, but not foo.c.neon.arm !)LOCAL_DISABLE_NO_EXECUTE Android NDK r4 added support for the "NX bit" security feature. It is enabled by default, but you can disable it if you *really* need to by setting this variable to 'true'. NOTE: This feature does not modify the ABI and is only enabled on kernels targeting ARMv6+ CPU devices. Machine code generated with this feature enabled will run unmodified on devices running earlier CPU architectures. For more information, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NX_bit http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/hardened/gnu-stack.xmlLOCAL_DISABLE_RELRO By default, NDK compiled code is built with read-only relocations and GOT protection. This instructs the runtime linker to mark certain regions of memory as being read-only after relocation, making certain security exploits (such as GOT overwrites) harder to perform. It is enabled by default, but you can disable it if you *really* need to by setting this variable to 'true'. NOTE: These protections are only effective on newer Android devices ("Jelly Bean" and beyond). The code will still run on older versions (albeit without memory protections). For more information, see: http://isisblogs.poly.edu/2011/06/01/relro-relocation-read-only/ http://www.akkadia.org/drepper/nonselsec.pdf (section 6)LOCAL_EXPORT_CFLAGS Define this variable to record a set of C/C++ compiler flags that will be added to the LOCAL_CFLAGS definition of any other module that uses this one with LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES or LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES. For example, consider the module 'foo' with the following definition: include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := foo LOCAL_SRC_FILES := foo/foo.c LOCAL_EXPORT_CFLAGS := -DFOO=1 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY) And another module, named 'bar' that depends on it as: include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := bar LOCAL_SRC_FILES := bar.c LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DBAR=2 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := foo include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY) Then, the flags '-DFOO=1 -DBAR=2' will be passed to the compiler when building bar.c Exported flags are prepended to your module's LOCAL_CFLAGS so you can easily override them. They are also transitive: if 'zoo' depends on 'bar' which depends on 'foo', then 'zoo' will also inherit all flags exported by 'foo'. Finally, exported flags are *not* used when building the module that exports them. In the above example, -DFOO=1 would not be passed to the compiler when building foo/foo.c.LOCAL_EXPORT_CPPFLAGS Same as LOCAL_EXPORT_CFLAGS, but for C++ flags only.LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES Same as LOCAL_EXPORT_CFLAGS, but for C include paths. This can be useful if 'bar.c' wants to include headers that are provided by module 'foo'.LOCAL_EXPORT_LDLIBS Same as LOCAL_EXPORT_CFLAGS, but for linker flags. Note that the imported linker flags will be appended to your module's LOCAL_LDLIBS though, due to the way Unix linkers work. This is typically useful when module 'foo' is a static library and has code that depends on a system library. LOCAL_EXPORT_LDLIBS can then be used to export the dependency. For example: include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := foo LOCAL_SRC_FILES := foo/foo.c LOCAL_EXPORT_LDLIBS := -llog include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := bar LOCAL_SRC_FILES := bar.c LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := foo include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY) There, libbar.so will be built with a -llog at the end of the linker command to indicate that it depends on the system logging library, because it depends on 'foo'.LOCAL_SHORT_COMMANDS Set this variable to 'true' when your module has a very high number of sources and/or dependent static or shared libraries. This forces the build system to use an intermediate list file, and use it with the library archiver or static linker with the @$(listfile) syntax. This can be useful on Windows, where the command-line only accepts a maximum of 8191 characters, which can be too small for complex projects. This also impacts the compilation of individual source files, placing nearly all compiler flags inside list files too. Note that any other value than 'true' will revert to the default behaviour. You can also define APP_SHORT_COMMANDS in your Application.mk to force this behaviour for all modules in your project. NOTE: We do not recommend enabling this feature by default, since it makes the build slower.LOCAL_FILTER_ASM Define this variable to a shell command that will be used to filter the assembly files from, or generated from, your LOCAL_SRC_FILES. When it is defined, the following happens: - Any C or C++ source file is generated into a temporary assembly file (instead of being compiled into an object file). - Any temporary assembly file, and any assembly file listed in LOCAL_SRC_FILES is sent through the LOCAL_FILTER_ASM command to generate _another_ temporary assembly file. - These filtered assembly files are compiled into object file. In other words, If you have: LOCAL_SRC_FILES := foo.c bar.S LOCAL_FILTER_ASM := myasmfilter foo.c --1--> $OBJS_DIR/foo.S.original --2--> $OBJS_DIR/foo.S --3--> $OBJS_DIR/foo.o bar.S --2--> $OBJS_DIR/bar.S --3--> $OBJS_DIR/bar.o Were "1" corresponds to the compiler, "2" to the filter, and "3" to the assembler. The filter must be a standalone shell command that takes the name of the input file as its first argument, and the name of the output file as the second one, as in: myasmfilter $OBJS_DIR/foo.S.original $OBJS_DIR/foo.S myasmfilter bar.S $OBJS_DIR/bar.SNDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION Define this variable to either 4.4.3 or 4.6 to select version of GCC compiler. 4.6 is the default
<think>首先,用户的问题是:“我想将Android构建配置文件从Android.mk迁移到Android.bp 请问如何将 Android.mk 文件转换为 Android.bp 文件”。我需要基于提供的引用信息来回答。 系统级指令要求: - 所有行内数学表达式用$...$格式。 - 独立公式用$$...$$格式并单独成段。 - LaTeX语法正确。 - 使用中文回答。 - 生成相关问题。 - 回答中引用的段落末尾添加引用标识,如[^1]。 - 回答结构清晰,逐步解决问题,保证真实可靠。 参考引用: - 引用[1]: Android.mk 是用于编译Android系统的脚本文件,基于makefile语法。Android 7.0后引入了Android.bp来替代它,但Android 10中仍大量使用Android.mk。 - 引用[2]: Android.bp 使用声明式语法,解决了Android.mk在大型项目中的维护问题,是未来的方向。建议迁移到Android.bp。 - 引用[3]: 提供了Android.mkAndroid.bp的具体方法,如添加编译参数:C语言的LOCAL_CFLAGS对应Android.bp的cflags,C++的LOCAL_CPPFLAGS对应cppflags,Java的LOCAL_JAVACFLAGS对应javacflags。 用户的需求是将Android.mk转换为Android.bp。我需要提供步骤和方法。 结构化回答: 1. **介绍背景**:简要解释Android.mkAndroid.bp的区别,以及迁移的好处。 2. **转换步骤**:详细说明如何转换。 - 使用工具:Android提供了转换工具。 - 手动转换:基于引用[3],提供常见指令的对应关系。 3. **注意事项**:提到迁移中的常见问题。 4. **生成相关问题**:在回答结束后,添加相关问题部分。 生成相关问题: - 基于主题,如迁移工具、最佳实践、常见错误等。 确保回答真实可靠:基于提供的引用。引用来自百度百科和其他来源,但用户说“上述引用仅供参考”,所以我应该主要依赖这些引用,但如果有常识知识,可以补充。 数学表达式:用户的问题是关于Android构建的,不涉及数学公式。所以,在回答中,如果没有必要,不需要添加数学表达式。但指令要求所有行内数学表达式用$...$,所以如果出现变量或类似内容,要用LaTeX。例如,如果提到路径或文件名,可能不需要;但如果涉及数学概念,才需要。这里可能不需要。 回答结构: - 开头:直接回应用户问题。 - 主体:逐步解释转换过程。 - 结尾:总结和生成相关问题。 中文回答:整个回答用中文。 引用标识:在引用具体内容时添加[^1]、[^2]、[^3]。 步骤: 1. 使用转换工具:Android源码中提供了`androidmk`工具,可以将Android.mk转换为Android.bp。 2. 手动转换指南:提供常见指令的对应关系。 3. 验证和测试:迁移后需要验证构建是否正确。 从引用[3]中,有具体例子: - LOCAL_CFLAGS → cflags - LOCAL_CPPFLAGS → cppflags - LOCAL_JAVACFLAGS → javacflags 其他常见指令: - LOCAL_MODULE → name - LOCAL_SRC_FILES → srcs - 等等。 完整回答大纲: - 步骤1: 安装或使用androidmk工具。 - 步骤2: 运行工具转换。 - 步骤3: 手动调整和验证。 - 步骤4: 测试构建。 相关问题: 1. 如何安装和使用androidmk工具? 2. 迁移到Android.bp有什么好处? 3. 迁移过程中常见错误如何解决?</think>### 将 Android.mk 文件转换为 Android.bp 文件 在 Android 构建系统中,Android.mk 是基于 Makefile 的传统构建脚本,而 Android.bp 是 Google 推出的新一代声明式构建配置语言,具有更简洁的语法和更好的维护性。迁移到 Android.bp 可以提高编译效率和项目可扩展性。以下是将 Android.mk 文件转换为 Android.bp 文件的详细步骤,基于参考引用和最佳实践。迁移过程主要分为使用自动化工具转换和手动调整两个阶段。 #### 步骤 1: 使用自动化工具转换(推荐) Android 源码中提供了 `androidmk` 工具,它可以将 Android.mk 文件自动转换为 Android.bp 文件。这是最快捷的方式: 1. **安装工具**:`androidmk` 工具通常位于 Android 源码的 `out/soong/host/linux-x86/bin` 目录下(路径可能因系统而异)。确保您的环境已配置好 Android 构建系统(如通过 `source build/envsetup.sh` 初始化)。 2. **运行转换命令**: ```bash androidmk [input_Android.mk] > [output_Android.bp] ``` 例如,将当前目录下的 `Android.mk` 转换为 `Android.bp`: ```bash androidmk Android.mk > Android.bp ``` 工具会自动处理常见指令,如模块定义和编译参数。 3. **检查输出**:转换后的 `Android.bp` 文件会生成在指定路径。工具支持大部分基础语法转换,但可能无法处理复杂逻辑(如条件分支),需要手动验证[^1][^3]。 #### 步骤 2: 手动调整和验证 由于 `androidmk` 工具可能无法覆盖所有场景,您需要手动检查和调整转换结果。以下是常见指令的对应关系(基于引用[3]): - **基本模块定义**: - Android.mk 中的 `LOCAL_MODULE` 对应 Android.bp 的 `name` 属性。 - Android.mk 中的 `LOCAL_SRC_FILES` 对应 Android.bp 的 `srcs` 属性。 示例: ```makefile # Android.mk LOCAL_MODULE := my_module LOCAL_SRC_FILES := src/main.cpp ``` 转换为: ```blueprint // Android.bp cc_binary { name: "my_module", srcs: ["src/main.cpp"], } ``` - **编译参数转换**: - C 语言的 `LOCAL_CFLAGS` 对应 Android.bp 的 `cflags` 数组。 - C++ 的 `LOCAL_CPPFLAGS` 对应 `cppflags` 数组。 - Java 的 `LOCAL_JAVACFLAGS` 对应 `javacflags` 数组。 示例(引用[3]): ```makefile # Android.mk LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DDEBUG -O2 ``` 转换为: ```blueprint // Android.bp cc_binary { cflags: ["-DDEBUG", "-O2"], } ``` - **依赖管理**: - Android.mk 中的 `LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES` 或 `LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES` 对应 Android.bp 的 `static_libs` 或 `shared_libs`。 示例: ```makefile # Android.mk LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libutils ``` 转换为: ```blueprint // Android.bp cc_binary { static_libs: ["libutils"], } ``` - **其他常见指令**: - `LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS` 可映射到 `tags` 属性。 - `LOCAL_MODULE_PATH` 对应 `relative_install_path`。 如果遇到未覆盖的指令,请参考 [Android.bp 官方文档](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/soong/+/master/docs/bp_syntax.md)。 #### 步骤 3: 验证和测试构建 - **构建测试**:运行 `mm` 或 `m` 命令在 Android 源码环境中构建模块,检查是否有错误。 - **常见问题处理**: - 如果转换后构建失败,检查工具未处理的逻辑(如宏开关或条件编译),手动添加。 - 确保所有路径和变量使用相对路径(Android.bp 不支持绝对路径)。 - 对于大型项目,逐步迁移模块,避免一次性全量转换[^2][^3]。 #### 注意事项 - **迁移好处**:Android.bp 采用声明式语法,简化了维护,并提升了大型项目的编译性能[^2]。 - **兼容性**:Android 7.0 后支持 Android.bp,但部分旧模块可能仍需 Android.mk。建议在支持的项目中优先迁移[^1]。 - **工具限制**:`androidmk` 工具在复杂脚本中可能生成不完整代码,务必手动复核。Google 提供了迁移指南和示例,可参考 [Android 开源项目文档](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/build)。 通过以上步骤,您可以高效完成迁移。如果遇到特定问题,提供您的 Android.mk 片段,我可以帮助分析具体转换方案。
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