linux上在h616的tina系统运行QT5搭建过程（嵌入系统移植QT5并运行的例子）

前言： 本文参考了网上全志D1-H，官方SDK Tina 移植 QT5.15等文章， 本文特点，使用电视盒子H616，搭建了QT运行环境， 后续，将发布Tina系统运行QT计算器的例子，重点是，适配盒子特有的遥控器。

1. 硬件设备是一个H616的电视盒子，跑的是tina系统，而不是Android系统
2. 目录结构

.

├── qt5.14.1

├── tina

3. 建立两个脚本，第一个脚本，build.qt.sh,内容如下

export PATH=$PATH:/home/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/prebuilt/gcc/linux-x86/arm/toolchain-sunxi-glibc/toolchain/bin

mkdir -p /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix

cd qt-everywhere-src-5.14.1

mkdir build

cd build

time ../configure -prefix /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix \

        -v \

        -opensource \

        -confirm-license \

        -release \

        -strip \

        -shared \

        -xplatform linux-arm-gnueabi-g++ \

        -optimized-qmake \

        -c++std c++11 \

        --rpath=no \

        -pch \

        -skip qt3d \

        -skip qtactiveqt \

        -skip qtandroidextras \

        -skip qtcanvas3d \

        -skip qtconnectivity \

        -skip qtdatavis3d \

        -skip qtdoc \

        -skip qtgamepad \

        -skip qtlocation \

        -skip qtmacextras \

        -skip qtnetworkauth \

        -skip qtpurchasing \

        -skip qtremoteobjects \

        -skip qtscript \

        -skip qtscxml \

        -skip qtsensors \

        -skip qtspeech \

        -skip qtsvg \

        -skip qttools \

        -skip qttranslations \

        -skip qtwayland \

        -skip qtwebengine \

        -skip qtwebview \

        -skip qtwinextras \

        -skip qtx11extras \

        -skip qtxmlpatterns \

        -make libs \

        -make examples \

        -nomake tools -nomake tests \

        -gui \

        -widgets \

        -dbus-runtime \

        --glib=no \

        --iconv=no \

        --pcre=qt \

        --zlib=qt \

        -no-openssl \

        --freetype=qt \

        --harfbuzz=qt \

        -no-opengl \

        -linuxfb \

        --xcb=no \

        -no-tslib \

        --libpng=qt \

        --libjpeg=qt \

        --sqlite=qt \

        -plugin-sql-sqlite \

        -I/mnt/data/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/out/h616-p2/staging_dir/target/usr/include/ \

        -I/mnt/data/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/out/h616-p2/staging_dir/target/usr/include/allwinner/ \

        -I/mnt/data/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/out/h616-p2/staging_dir/target/usr/include/allwinner/include/ \

        -L/mnt/data/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/out/h616-p2/staging_dir/target/usr/lib/ \

        -L/home/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/prebuilt/gcc/linux-x86/arm/toolchain-sunxi-glibc/toolchain/lib \

        -recheck-all  | tee configure.log

cd qt-everywhere-src-5.14.1/build

source ../../path.build.qt.envsetup.sh

time make -j40 2>&1| tee build`date '+%Y%m%d-%H-%M-%S'`.log

echo "now you can run below command: "

echo "cd qt-everywhere-src-5.14.1/build/"

echo "rm /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/* -rf"

echo "time make install 2>&1| tee install.log, result is at /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix"

第二个脚本，path.build.qt.envsetup.sh，内容如下

# before run build.qt.sh, need source path.build.qt.envsetup.sh

export PATH=$PATH:/home/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/prebuilt/gcc/linux-x86/arm/toolchain-sunxi-glibc/toolchain/bin

export STAGING_DIR=/home/joyt/storage/allwin/tina0.7/tina/out/h616-p2/staging_dir

4.改动代码

qtbase/mkspecs/linux-arm-gnueabi-g++/qmake.conf

内容如下

#

# qmake configuration for building with arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-g++

#

MAKEFILE_GENERATOR      = UNIX

CONFIG                 += incremental

QMAKE_INCREMENTAL_STYLE = sublib

include(../common/linux.conf)

include(../common/gcc-base-unix.conf)

include(../common/g++-unix.conf)

# modifications to g++.conf

QMAKE_CC                = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-gcc

QMAKE_CXX               = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-g++

QMAKE_LINK              = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-g++

QMAKE_LINK_SHLIB        = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-g++

# modifications to linux.conf

QMAKE_AR                = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-ar cqs

QMAKE_OBJCOPY           = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-objcopy

QMAKE_NM                = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-nm -P

QMAKE_STRIP             = arm-openwrt-linux-gnueabi-strip

QMAKE_LIBS_THREAD       += -ldl

load(qt_config)

5.运行脚本

source ./path.build.qt.envsetup.sh

./build.qt.sh

time make install 2>&1| tee install.log

运行结果在  /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix

6.板子上部署qt

把运行结果 /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix 所有的文件adb push 到板子上，目录是/mnt/UDISK

建立运行脚本 qt-path

内容如下

echo begin

export QT_HOME=/mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix

export QT_LIBRARY=/mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/lib

export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=linuxfb:tty=/dev/fb0

export QT_QPA_FB_DRM=1

export QT_QPA_GENERIC_PLUGINS=evdevkeyboard

export QT_QPA_GENERIC_PLUGINS=evdevmouse

export QT_QPA_EVDEV_MOUSE_PARAMETERS=/dev/input/event1

export QT_QPA_EVDEV_KEYBOARD_PARAMETERS=/dev/input/event0

export QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/plugins

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:$QT_LIBRARY

echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

echo $QT_PLUGIN_PATH

echo =====================

cd /mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/examples/gui/analogclock

./analogclock

7. 运行的结果：

8.运行自己的helloworld

然后随便在哪新建个目录 mkdir helloworld 然后创建个hello.cpp输入如下代码:
#include <QtWidgets/QApplication>

#include <QtWidgets/QLabel>

int main(int argc, char** argv)

{

QApplication app(argc,argv);

QLabel *label = new QLabel("Hello world!");

label->setGeometry(300,100,200,200);

label->show();

return app.exec();

}

然后就的用上prefix里编出来的qmake了。没有加入查找目录就带上路径运行qmake
在hello.cpp 目录下
1） /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/bin/qmake -project helloworld

生成helloworld.pro 这个名字是根据你的工程目录名字来命令的
2） /opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/bin/qmake helloworld.pro  

生成Makefile
3） make 生成可运行程序helloworld

遇到问题，

undefined reference to `QApplication::QApplication

解决方法

vi Makefile

加一行

LIBS += -lQt5Widgets -L/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/lib

这个方案有缺陷, 一般不直接手动修改makefile, 现在试试第二个方案

helloworld.pro  增加一行

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

一样可以解决

Make成功以后

adb push helloworld /mnt/UDISK

adb shell

cd /mnt/UDISK

chmod 777 helloworld

./helloworld

出现问题 QFontDatabase: Cannot find font directory /mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/lib/fonts.

解决方法

git clone GitHub - adobe-fonts/source-sans: Sans serif font family for user interface environments 这个下载很慢

或者第二个方法直接在tina的生成out目录里头找字库

tina/out$ find -name *.ttf

./h616-p2/compile_dir/target/nghttp2-1.24.0/doc/_themes/sphinx_rtd_theme/static/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf

./h616-p2/compile_dir/host/u-boot-2018.03/drivers/video/fonts/ankacoder_c75_r.ttf

./h616-p2/compile_dir/host/u-boot-2018.03/drivers/video/fonts/cantoraone_regular.ttf

./h616-p2/compile_dir/host/u-boot-2018.03/drivers/video/fonts/nimbus_sans_l_regular.ttf

./h616-p2/compile_dir/host/u-boot-2018.03/drivers/video/fonts/rufscript010.ttf

板子上运行

mkdir -p /mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/lib/fonts

cmd窗口运行

cd .\h616-p2\compile_dir\host\u-boot-2018.03\drivers\video\fonts\

adb push . /mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/lib/fonts

问题解决

运行结果

使用qt creater运行此例子,运行结果

9.遇到的坑以及填坑的记录

1）ERROR: Feature 'tslib' was enabled, but the pre-condition 'libs.tslib' failed.

因为是电视盒子的原因，不需要触摸屏，之前configure是 -tslib \ 修改为 -no-tslib \

2）qt-everywhere-src-5.14.1/build/qtbase/examples/corelib/ipc/sharedmemory$ make

…

/storage/joyt/allwin/tina0.7/qt5.14.1/qt-everywhere-src-5.14.1/build/qtbase/lib/libQt5Core.so: undefined reference to `dladdr@GLIBC_2.17'

看makefile, 里头有LIBS          = … libQt5Core.so –lpthread

测试一下, 编辑Makefile, 这一行, 加 -ldl, make 通过了. 但是这样不行, 因为总不能每个Makefile都加, 需要系统性的解决此问题,

解决方法

qmake.conf

QMAKE_LIBS_THREAD       += -ldl

3）想看遥控案件的event, 发现我的tina系统,居然没有getevent

解决方法

make menuconfig 进入 openWrt 配置页面，找到 getevent 软件包。打勾,重新编一下tina, 在out目录里就可以找到 getevent了

4）上面建立的qt-path, 是为了建立 qt的运行环境, source qt-path 就把这些export的环境变量建立起来, 但是我发现, 这些环境变量居然不工作, 导致无法板子上运行例子, 比如

set | grep QT_PLUG

set | grep QT_PLUG

'T_PLUGIN_PATH='/mnt/UDISK/opt/qt-5.14.1-prefix/plugins

尝试了好多方法, 比如重新编译busybox,最后找到解决方法，利用windows的xshell，在里头运行adb shell，然后，使用xshell 粘贴qt-path的内容，并运行。这样就暂时解决了这个头疼的问题。 应该还有更好的方法。 因为现在重点是掌握qt系统在嵌入系统里的运用，解决了就行。