HCIA综合实验

一.实验需求

1.ISP路由器仅配置IP地址

2.内部网络基于192.168.1.0/24网段进行IP划分

3.R1/R2之间使用OSPF做到内网全通,单区域

4.PC1-PC4使用DHCP获取地址

5.PC2-PC4可以访问PC5;PC1不行

6.R2出口只有一个公网IP

7.test-2设备可以登录到内网服务器;test-1不行

二.实验操作

1.搭建拓扑图

 2.分配IP

192.168.1.0/26---R1与R2间网段

R1下区域:

192.168.1.64/28---vlan2

192.168.1.80/28---vlan3

192.168.1.96/28---vlan4

R2下区域:

192.168.1.128/27---vlan2

192.168.1.160/27---vlan3

3.配置交换机

[SW1]vlan 2
[SW1-vlan2]q
[SW1]vlan 3
[SW1-vlan3]q
[SW1]vlan 4
[SW1-vlan4]q
[SW1]int g 0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 0/0/3
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access 	
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g 0/0/4	
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type access 	
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port default vlan 4
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]int g 0/0/1	
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 		
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3 4
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[SW2]vlan 2
[SW2-vlan2]q
[SW2]vlan 3
[SW2-vlan3]q
[SW2]int g 0/0/2
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access 	
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]	int g 0/0/3
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access 	
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g 0/0/1	
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 	
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan  2 3
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

4.配置R1、R2、Telnet Server 、test-1、test-2IP并激活R1,R2子接口vlan

R1]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.1 26
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R1]int g 0/0/0.1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dot1q termination vid 2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]arp broadcast enable 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]q
[R1]int g 0/0/0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip add 192.168.1.81 28	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dot1q termination vid 3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]arp broadcast enable 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]q
[R1]int g 0/0/0.3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]dot1q termination vid 4]	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]arp broadcast enable 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]q


[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 26
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]int g 0/0/1.1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]ip add 192.168.1.129 27
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]dot1q termination vid 2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]arp broadcast enable 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]q
[R2]int g 0/0/1.2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]ip add 192.168.1.161 27
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]dot1q termination vid 3	
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]arp broadcast enable 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]q
[R2]int g 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 23.1.1.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q


[ISP]int g 0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.2 24
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[ISP]int g 0/0/1
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]


[Telnet Server]int g 0/0/0
[Telnet Server-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.98 28

[test-1]int g 0/0/0
[test-1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 1.1.1.2 24

[test-2]int g 0/0/0
[test-2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 1.1.1.3 24

5.配置OSPF

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1	
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.65 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.81 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R1-ospf-1]q

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.129 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.161 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]q

6.配置DHCP

[R1]dhcp enable 
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[R1]ip pool 1
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.	
[R1-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.64 mask 28
[R1-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.65
[R1-ip-pool-1]q
[R1]ip pool 2	
[R1-ip-pool-2]network 192.168.1.80 mask 28
[R1-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 192.168.1.81
[R1-ip-pool-2]q
[R1]int g 0/0/0.1	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dhcp select global 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g 0/0/0.2	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dhcp select global 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]q


[R2]dhcp enable 
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[R2]ip pool 1
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[R2-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.128 mask 27
[R2-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.129
[R2-ip-pool-1]q
[R2]q
[R2]ip pool 2
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.	
[R2-ip-pool-2]network 192.168.1.160 mask 27
[R2-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 192.168.1.161
[R2-ip-pool-2]q
[R2]int g 0/0/1.1	
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]dhcp select global 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1]int g 0/0/1.2	
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]dhcp select global 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]q

7.PC1-PC4获取IP

 

 

 

 8.PC1来ping各PC检测连通性

 

 

 9.配置acl

[R1]acl 3000	
[R1-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip source 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.15 destination 1.1.1.100
 0.0.0.0
[R1-acl-adv-3000]q
[R1]int g 0/0/0.1	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]traffic-filter inbound acl 3000
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]q


 检测由PC1pingPC5

 PC2pingPC5

PC3pingPC5

 

PC4pingPC5

 

检验无误

10.配置R2 acl以及nat

[R2]acl 2000
[R2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-acl-basic-2000]q
[R2]int g 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat outbound 2000
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 23.1.1.2
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]default-route-advertise 
[R2-ospf-1]q
[R2]int g 0/0/2	
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface telnet
 inside 192.168.1.98 telnet 
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa
ilure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q



11.开启telnet并配置缺省路由

[Telnet Server]user-interface vty 0 4
[Telnet Server-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[Telnet Server-ui-vty0-4]q
[Telnet Server]aaa
[Telnet Server-aaa]local-user huawei password cipher 123456
Info: Add a new user.	
[Telnet Server-aaa]local-user huawei privilege level 15	
[Telnet Server-aaa]local-user huawei service-type telnet
[Telnet Server-aaa]q

	
[Telnet Server]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.97

12配置.test-1与test-2并登录telnet检验

[test-1]ip route-static 23.1.1.1 32 1.1.1.1
[test-1]q
[test-2]ip route-static 23.1.1.1 32 1.1.1.1
<test-2>telnet 23.1.1.1
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 23.1.1.1 ...
  Connected to 23.1.1.1 ...

Login authentication


Username:huawei
Password:
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    
  User last login information:     
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Access Type: Telnet      
  IP-Address : 1.1.1.2     
  Time       : 2023-05-16 21:52:43-08:00     
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Telnet Server>q



<test-1>telnet 23.1.1.1
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 23.1.1.1 ...
  Connected to 23.1.1.1 ...

Login authentication


Username:huawei
Password:
Error: Local authentication is rejected.

  Logged Fail!

Username:huawei
Password:
<Telnet Server>q

13.配置R2acl使test-1不能登录telnet

R2]acl 3000
[R2-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp source 1.1.1.2 0 destination-port eq 23
[R2-acl-adv-3000]q
[R2]int g 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]traffic-filter inbound acl 3000
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

检验

 三.完成实验,各要求均完成

HCIA综合实验拓扑中,DHCP的配置是实现网络自动化和简化IP地址管理的重要环节。以下是基于引用内容总结出的DHCP配置指南: ### 配置DHCP服务 1. **启用DHCP功能** 在交换机或路由器上启用DHCP功能,确保设备能够作为DHCP服务器运行。例如,在华为设备中可以通过以下命令启用DHCP: ```bash dhcp enable ``` 2. **创建VLAN并分配接口** 根据网络需求创建多个VLAN,并将相应的物理接口划入对应的VLAN。例如,创建VLAN 10、20、30、40,并将接口G0/0/2和G0/0/3设置为Trunk模式以允许多个VLAN通过: ```bash vlan batch 10 20 30 40 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 30 40 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 30 40 ``` 3. **配置VLAN接口IP地址** 为每个VLAN接口配置IP地址,并指定其作为DHCP服务器的角色。例如,为VLANIF10、VLANIF20、VLANIF30和VLANIF40分别配置IP地址并启用DHCP服务: ```bash interface Vlanif10 ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0 dhcp select interface interface Vlanif20 ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0 dhcp select interface interface Vlanif30 ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0 dhcp select interface interface Vlanif40 ip address 192.168.40.254 255.255.255.0 dhcp select interface ``` 4. **验证DHCP配置** 确保客户端设备能够成功从DHCP服务器获取IP地址。可以通过查看DHCP服务器的状态和客户端的日志来验证配置是否正确。 ### 注意事项 - **安全性**:确保只有授权的设备可以访问DHCP服务器,防止未经授权的设备获取IP地址。 - **冗余性**:在大型网络中,建议部署多个DHCP服务器以提高可靠性和负载均衡[^2]。 - **兼容性**:确保DHCP服务器与客户端设备兼容,特别是在使用特定选项(如DNS服务器地址)时。 通过以上步骤,可以在HCIA综合实验拓扑中有效地配置DHCP服务,从而简化IP地址管理和提升网络效率。
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