《Spring Boot in Action》【4. 测试】

最新推荐文章于 2018-10-30 15:34:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2018-10-30 15:34:05 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA SpringBoot/SpringCloud框架文章标签： spring 测试

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4. 测试

4.1 集成测试

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = AddressBookConfiguration.class)
public class AddressServiceTests {

  @Autowired
  private AddressService addressService;

  @Test
  public void testService() {
    Address address = addressService.findByLastName("Sheman");
    assertEquals("P", address.getFirstName());
    // ...
  }
}

SpringJUnit4ClassRunner类用来启用Spring集成测试，它是一个加载Spring应用上下文和在测试类中启用自动注入的JUnit类运行器（从Spring 4.2起，你也可以使用SpringClassRule和SpringMethodRule这种基于规则的替换方案），@ContextConfiguration指定了如何加载Spring应用上下文。

不过Spring Boot应用是由SpringApplication加载的（或SpringBootServletInitializer），它不仅加载应用上下文，还启用日志，加载外部配置文件等Spring Boot特性，但是如果使用@ContextConfiguration，这些特性是没有的，所以一般是使用Spring Boot的@SpringApplicationConfiguration来替换@ContextConfiguration，它会像SpringApplication那样。

4.2 测试Web应用

测试Web应用，有两个选择：

Spring Mock MVC——模拟一个Servlet容器来测试Controller
Web集成测试——在内置Servlet容器（Tomcat或Jetty）中启动应用来测试

Spring Mock MVC

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ReadingListApplication.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class MockMvcWebTests {

  @Autowired
  private WebApplicationContext webContext;

  private MockMvc mockMvc;

  @Before
  public void setupMockMvc() {
    mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders
        .webAppContextSetup(webContext)
        .build();
  }
}

测试HTTP GET请求

@Test
public void homePage() throws Exception {
  mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/readingList"))
      .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())    
      .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("readingList"))
      .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("books"))
      .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attribute("books", Matchers.is(Matchers.empty())));
}

加入静态引入，可以更简洁：

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

@Test
public void homePage() throws Exception {
  mockMvc.perform(get("/readingList"))
      .andExpect(status().isOk())
      .andExpect(view().name("readingList"))
      .andExpect(model().attributeExists("books"))
      .andExpect(model().attribute("books", is(empty())));
}

测试HTTP POST请求，添加一本书：

@Test
public void postBook() throws Exception {
  mockMvc.perform(post("/readingList")
      .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
      .param("title", "BOOK TITLE")
      .param("author", "BOOK AUTHOR")
      .param("isbn", "1234567890")
      .param("description", "DESCRIPTION"))
      .andExpect(status().is3xxRedirection())
      .andExpect(header().string("Location", "/readingList"));

  Book expectedBook = new Book();
  expectedBook.setId(1L);
  expectedBook.setReader("craig");
  expectedBook.setTitle("BOOK TITLE");
  expectedBook.setAuthor("BOOK AUTHOR");
  expectedBook.setIsbn("1234567890");
  expectedBook.setDescription("DESCRIPTION");

  mockMvc.perform(get("/readingList"))
      .andExpect(status().isOk())
      .andExpect(view().name("readingList"))
      .andExpect(model().attributeExists("books"))
      .andExpect(model().attribute("books", hasSize(1)))
      .andExpect(model().attribute("books", contains(samePropertyValuesAs(expectedBook))));
}

测试安全性：

引入包：

testCompile("org.springframework.security:spring-security-test")

然后加一行：

@Before
public void setupMockMvc() {
  mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders
      .webAppContextSetup(webContext)
      .apply(springSecurity())
      .build();
}

springSecurity()是SecurityMockMvcConfigurers的一个静态方法，它会遵照你的安全配置。

@Test
public void homePage_unauthenticatedUser() throws Exception {
  mockMvc.perform(get("/"))
      .andExpect(status().is3xxRedirection())
      .andExpect(header().string("Location", "http://localhost/login"));
}

如何测试一个通过认证的请求？Spring Security提供两个注解：

@WithMockUser——加载一个UserDetails，使用指定的用户名、密码和权限
@WithUserDetails——根据指定的用户名查找一个UserDetails对象并加载

@Test
@WithMockUser(username="craig", password="password", roles="READER")
public void homePage_authenticatedUser() throws Exception {
   ...
}

@WithUserDetails注解使用配置好的UserDetailsService来加载UserDetails对象：

@Test
@WithUserDetails("craig")
public void homePage_authenticatedUser() throws Exception {

  Reader expectedReader = new Reader();
  expectedReader.setUsername("craig");
  expectedReader.setPassword("password");
  expectedReader.setFullname("Craig Walls");

  mockMvc.perform(get("/"))
      .andExpect(status().isOk())
      .andExpect(view().name("readingList"))
      .andExpect(model().attribute("reader", samePropertyValuesAs(expectedReader)))
      .andExpect(model().attribute("books", hasSize(0)))
}

测试运行中的应用

Spring Boot’s @WebIntegrationTest注解，不仅可以创建一个应用上下文，还可以启动内置Servlet容器。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ReadingListApplication.class)
@WebIntegrationTest
public class SimpleWebTest {

  @Test(expected = HttpClientErrorException.class)
  public void pageNotFound() {
    try {
      RestTemplate rest = new RestTemplate();
      rest.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/bogusPage", String.class);
      fail("Should result in HTTP 404");
    } catch (HttpClientErrorException e) {
      assertEquals(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, e.getStatusCode());
      throw e;
    }
  }
}

默认启动8080端口，你可以设置如下之一来选择随机端口：

@WebIntegrationTest(value={"server.port=0"})
@WebIntegrationTest("server.port=0")
@WebIntegrationTest(randomPort=true)

现在端口是随机了，但是如何获取这个端口呢？你可以注入进来：

@Value("${local.server.port}")
private int port;

rest.getForObject("http://localhost:{port}/bogusPage", String.class, port);

使用Selenium测试HTML页面

Selenium启用浏览器来测试，就像手工测试一样，不过它可以自动化和重复执行，首先添加包：

testCompile("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:2.45.0")

测试样例：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes=ReadingListApplication.class)
@WebIntegrationTest(randomPort=true)
public class ServerWebTests {

  private static FirefoxDriver browser;

  @Value("${local.server.port}")
  private int port;

  @BeforeClass
  public static void openBrowser() {
    browser = new FirefoxDriver();
    browser.manage().timeouts()
        .implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }

  @AfterClass
  public static void closeBrowser() {
    browser.quit();
  }

  @Test
  public void addBookToEmptyList() {
    String baseUrl = "http://localhost:" + port;

    browser.get(baseUrl);

    assertEquals("You have no books in your book list", browser.findElementByTagName("div").getText());

    browser.findElementByName("title").sendKeys("BOOK TITLE");
    browser.findElementByName("author").sendKeys("BOOK AUTHOR");
    browser.findElementByName("isbn").sendKeys("1234567890");
    browser.findElementByName("description").sendKeys("DESCRIPTION");
    browser.findElementByTagName("form").submit();

    WebElement dl = browser.findElementByCssSelector("dt.bookHeadline");
    assertEquals("BOOK TITLE by BOOK AUTHOR (ISBN: 1234567890)", dl.getText());
    WebElement dt = browser.findElementByCssSelector("dd.bookDescription");
    assertEquals("DESCRIPTION", dt.getText());
  }
}