基于Vivado实现RS信道编码与解码的FPGA设计

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本文介绍了如何利用Xilinx Vivado工具实现RS信道编码与解码的FPGA设计,包括确定编码参数、创建Vivado项目、添加设计源文件、设置约束、综合实现及下载比特流文件。通过示例代码,阐述了RS编码的工作原理,并提示读者在实际应用中需考虑时序约束和资源优化。

概述:
在通信系统中,纠错编码是一种重要的技术手段,用于提高数据传输的可靠性。RS(Reed-Solomon)编码是一种常用的纠错编码,广泛应用于数字通信、存储系统以及光纤通信等领域。本文将介绍如何使用Xilinx Vivado工具来实现RS信道编码与解码的FPGA设计,并提供相应的源代码。

RS编码原理:
RS编码是一种非二进制的纠错编码,可以纠正数据中的多个错误。RS编码的原理是将输入数据按照一定的规则进行多项式除法运算,生成纠错编码,并附加到原始数据中进行传输。接收端在接收到数据后进行解码,利用RS编码的冗余信息对错误进行检测和纠正。

FPGA设计流程:

  1. 确定RS编码的参数:RS编码需要确定两个参数,即符号长度n和纠错能力t。符号长度n表示每个符号包含的比特数,通常为8或16。纠错能力t表示RS编码可以纠正的最大错误数,通常选择在2t <= n条件下确定。

  2. 创建Vivado项目:打开Vivado工具,在"Flow Navigator"界面点击"Create Project"创建新项目,并设置项目名称、保存路径和FPGA型号等信息。

  3. 添加设计源文件:在"Add Sources"步骤中,将RS编码和解码的Verilog代码添加到项目中。以下是示例的RS编码和解码的Verilog代码:

    RS编码:

    module RS_Encode (
        input [n-1:0] data_in,
        output [n-1:0] code_out
    );
        // RS编码逻辑
        // ...
    
++++++++++++++++++++++++++ RS Decoder (31,19,6) v1.1 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ This project consists of 8 verilog files including a testbench file. The files are: - RSDecoder.v : contains description of top module of the decoder. It combines 5 modules of typical RS Decoder building blocks. - scblock.v : contains description of the SC (Syndrome Computation) block and its submodules. - kesblock.v : KES (Key Equation Solver) block and its submodules. - cseeblock.v : CSEE (Chien Search and Error Evaluator) block and parallel invers multiplier module. CSEE is the only block in the decoder that use invers multiplier to compute error magnitude using Fourney Formula. - controller.v : describes controller module. It consists of 2 FSMs and 2 counters. - fifo_register.v : a FIFO register consists of 31 registers to store received word and a register to synchronize outputted data with CSEE block. - common_modules.v: this file contains basic modules that used by other higher modules. It behaves like a library for the project. - testbench.v : the testbench contains 3 different received word vectors. First received word contains no error symbol. Second word contains 6 error symbols and the last word contains 8 error symbols. Limitations in this version: Despite its high data rates, the decoder has some limitations that must be considered. - It flags decoding failure at the end of outputted word. So, other block outside the decoder cannot differentiate between uncorrected word and corrected word until it receive decoding failure flag at the end of the word. - Decoding failure is detected when degree of error location polynomial and number of its roots is not equal. It means the error location polynomial doesn't have roots in the underlying GF(2^5). To determine the roots, decoder must activate CSEE block first. H
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