LA 2038 Strategic game

本文介绍了一种使用树形动态规划解决特定放兵问题的方法。该问题要求每条边至少与一个放置了兵的节点相邻。文章通过示例代码详细解释了如何通过设置状态转移方程来求解最小放兵数。

题目描述 传送门


注意此题蓝书上的翻译有误!
蓝书上说“使得每个没有选中的节点至少和一个以选中的节点相邻”,而题目要求的是使得每条边至少和一个以选中的节点相邻。
搞得我硬是找不出错。
简单的树上DP,设 d(i,0)d(i,1) 分别为以 i 为根节点的子树i点不放兵和放兵总共所需的最小放兵数量,转移简单。


代码

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cctype>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=1505;
const int INF=1e9;
int d[maxn][3],n;
vector<int> g[maxn];
void read(int &x){
    char c=' ';
    while(!isdigit(c)) c=getchar();
    x=0;
    while(isdigit(c)) x=x*10+c-'0',c=getchar();
}
void dfs(int u,int fa){
    d[u][1]=1;d[u][0]=0;
    for(int i=0;i<g[u].size();i++) if(g[u][i]!=fa){
        dfs(g[u][i],u);
        d[u][1]+=min(d[g[u][i]][1],d[g[u][i]][0]);
        d[u][0]+=d[g[u][i]][1];
    }
}
int main(){
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF){
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++) g[i].clear();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            int a,m,b;
            read(a);read(m);
            for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
                read(b);
                g[a].push_back(b);
                g[b].push_back(a);
            }
        }
        dfs(0,0);
        printf("%d\n",min(d[0][1],d[0][0]));
    }
    return 0;
}


The strategic management of technological innovation involves a structured approach to fostering innovation, aligning it with business goals, and ensuring its successful implementation. Several best practices and frameworks have been developed to guide organizations in this endeavor. One of the prominent frameworks is the Stage-Gate model, which provides a structured process for managing innovation projects through a series of stages and gates. Each stage involves specific activities and deliverables, while gates serve as decision points where the project's progress and potential are evaluated before proceeding to the next stage [^1]. Another framework is the Lean Startup methodology, which emphasizes rapid experimentation, customer feedback, and iterative product development. This approach helps organizations to minimize waste and maximize value by validating ideas early and often through continuous customer interaction . The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) can also be adapted for the strategic management of technological innovation. It translates an organization's strategic objectives into a set of performance indicators that are used to monitor and guide the innovation process from four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth [^1]. Furthermore, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is often used to understand how users come to accept and use a technology. It suggests that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are the primary factors influencing user acceptance and usage behavior . In terms of best practices, organizations should focus on creating a culture that encourages innovation and risk-taking. This includes providing employees with the freedom to explore new ideas, promoting cross-functional collaboration, and establishing a clear innovation strategy that aligns with the overall business strategy . Moreover, effective resource allocation is crucial. Companies must ensure they are investing adequate resources in research and development (R&D), and that these resources are directed towards areas that align with their strategic objectives. Additionally, building strategic partnerships and alliances can provide access to external knowledge and capabilities, which can accelerate the innovation process [^1]. Lastly, it is important to establish a robust intellectual property (IP) management strategy. Protecting innovations through patents, trademarks, and copyrights not only safeguards the company's investments but also creates a competitive advantage in the marketplace [^1]. ```python # Example function to illustrate the application of a strategic management framework def apply_stage_gate_model(project): """ Apply the Stage-Gate model to manage a project. """ stages = ["Idea Generation", "Scoping", "Business Case", "Development", "Testing", "Launch"] for stage in stages: print(f"Project {project} is in the {stage} stage.") # Simulate gate review if input(f"Continue to next stage after {stage}? (yes/no): ").lower() != 'yes': print("Project halted.") return print(f"Project {project} has been successfully launched.") # Usage apply_stage_gate_model("New Product Development") ``` The strategic management of technological innovation is a dynamic and complex process that requires careful planning, execution, and adaptation. By applying these frameworks and best practices, organizations can enhance their ability to innovate effectively and sustainably.
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