22. Generate Parentheses

本文介绍了一种使用递归算法生成所有合法的n对括号组合的方法。通过递归调用,当左括号还有剩余时放置左括号,当右括号剩余数大于左括号时放置右括号。提供了Python及C++两种语言的实现。

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这里写图片描述

分析:
递归实现,如果左括号还有剩余,则可以放置左括号,如果右括号的剩余数大于左括号,则可以放置右括号。

Python:

class Solution(object):
    def generateParenthesis(self, n):
        """
        :type n: int
        :rtype: List[str]
        """
        res = []
        self.generate(n, n, '', res)
        return res      


    def generate(self,left,right,str,res):
        if left == 0 and right == 0:
            res.append(str)
            return 

        if left > 0:        #判断左括号是否有剩余
            self.generate(left - 1, right, str + '(', res)
        if right > left:    #判断右括号的剩余是否大于左括号
            self.generate(left, right - 1, str + ')', res)

C++:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        vector<string> res;
        generate(n, n, "", res);
        return res;

    }

    void generate(int left, int right, string str , vector<string> &res){
        if (left == 0 and right == 0){
            res.push_back(str);
            return;
        }

        if (left > 0){
            generate(left - 1, right , str + '(' , res);
        }
        if (right > left){
            generate(left, right - 1, str + ')', res);
        }
    }
};
#include <cassert> /// for assert #include <iostream> /// for I/O operation #include <vector> /// for vector container /** @brief Backtracking algorithms @namespace backtracking / namespace backtracking { /* @brief generate_parentheses class */ class generate_parentheses { private: std::vectorstd::string res; ///< Contains all possible valid patterns void makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open); public: std::vectorstd::string generate(int n); }; /** @brief function that adds parenthesis to the string. @param str string build during backtracking @param n number of pairs of parentheses @param closed number of closed parentheses @param open number of open parentheses */ void generate_parentheses::makeStrings(std::string str, int n, int closed, int open) { if (closed > open) // We can never have more closed than open return; if ((str.length() == 2 * n) && (closed != open)) { // closed and open must be the same return; } if (str.length() == 2 * n) { res.push_back(str); return; } makeStrings(str + ')', n, closed + 1, open); makeStrings(str + '(', n, closed, open + 1); } /** @brief wrapper interface @param n number of pairs of parentheses @return all well-formed pattern of parentheses */ std::vectorstd::string generate_parentheses::generate(int n) { backtracking::generate_parentheses::res.clear(); std::string str = “(”; generate_parentheses::makeStrings(str, n, 0, 1); return res; } } // namespace backtracking /** @brief Self-test implementations @returns void */ static void test() { int n = 0; std::vectorstd::string patterns; backtracking::generate_parentheses p; n = 1; patterns = {{“()”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 3; patterns = {{“()()()”}, {“()(())”}, {“(())()”}, {“(()())”}, {“((()))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); n = 4; patterns = {{“()()()()”}, {“()()(())”}, {“()(())()”}, {“()(()())”}, {“()((()))”}, {“(())()()”}, {“(())(())”}, {“(()())()”}, {“(()()())”}, {“(()(()))”}, {“((()))()”}, {“((())())”}, {“((()()))”}, {“(((())))”}}; assert(p.generate(n) == patterns); std::cout << “All tests passed\n”; } /** @brief Main function @returns 0 on exit */ int main() { test(); // run self-test implementations return 0; } 在这段代码的基础上为C++初学者出几个练习题?
03-08
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