【数字信号分析】齿轮箱振动信号小波分析【含GUI Matlab源码 3458期】

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⛄一、齿轮箱振动信号小波分析

1 研究背景和意义
机械没备中大部分都是旋转机械，尤其是齿箱属于易磨损部件，其运行状态不仅影响该机器设备本身的安全稳定运行,故障严重时会造成重大经济损失，因此对故障诊断技术的要求十分迫切。此外，在机械故障诊断中，可用于监测与诊断的信息很多，包括振动、温度、压力、位移、扭矩和变形等。其中，振动信号能够迅速、直接地反映机械设备的运行状态，据统计，70％以上的故障都是以振动形式表现出来的。通过对齿轮箱的振动信息进行综合分析，可以尝试找出齿轮箱故障位置。

2 测试方案设计
所采集信号为齿轮箱体的振动加速度信号，它是随时间连续变化的物理量。因此，要将这些信息送入计算机，就必须先将这些离散的物理量进行离散化，并进行量化编码，从而变成数字量。

3 齿轮箱振动信号小波分析的步骤
（1）对原信号进行FFT转换，得到频谱图。
（2）对原信号进行小波分析，得到高频部分。
（3）对高频部分进行FFT转换，得到频谱图。
（4）对比两个频谱图，找到齿轮的啮合频率。
（5）对信号进行小波分解去噪。

⛄二、部分源代码

function varargout = process_gui(varargin)
% PROCESS_GUI MATLAB code for process_gui.fig
% PROCESS_GUI, by itself, creates a new PROCESS_GUI or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = PROCESS_GUI returns the handle to a new PROCESS_GUI or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% PROCESS_GUI(‘CALLBACK’,hObject,eventData,handles,…) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in PROCESS_GUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
% PROCESS_GUI(‘Property’,‘Value’,…) creates a new PROCESS_GUI or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before process_gui_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to process_gui_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE’s Tools menu. Choose “GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)”.
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help process_gui

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 29-Aug-2017 16:23:10

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct(‘gui_Name’, mfilename, …
‘gui_Singleton’, gui_Singleton, …
‘gui_OpeningFcn’, @process_gui_OpeningFcn, …
‘gui_OutputFcn’, @process_gui_OutputFcn, …
‘gui_LayoutFcn’, [] , …
‘gui_Callback’, []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% — Executes just before process_gui is made visible.
function process_gui_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to process_gui (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for process_gui
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes process_gui wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% — Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = process_gui_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% — Executes on selection change in listbox1.
function listbox1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to listbox1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,‘String’)) returns listbox1 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,‘Value’)} returns selected item from listbox1

% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function listbox1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to listbox1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: listbox controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’), get(0,‘defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’))
set(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’,‘white’);
end

% — Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
axes(handles.axes1) ;
cla reset
fs=2000*2.56; %
load data.mat
t=0:1/fs:(length(signal(1,:))-1)/fs; % ʱ Ϊ
signal_type = get(handles.signal,‘Value’) ;
switch signal_type
case 1
signaldo=signal(1,:);
case 2
signaldo=signal(2,:);
case 3
signaldo=signal(3,:);
case 4
signaldo=signal(4,:);
end
signalnew=wden(signaldo,‘minimaxi’,‘s’,‘mln’,5,‘sym5’); %С ֽ ȥ
axes(handles.axes1);
plot(t,signaldo,‘-b’);hold on;
plot(t,signalnew,‘-r’);
xlim([0,11]);ylabel(’ ٶ ');xlabel('ʱ 䣨s ');
legend(‘ȥ ǰ’,'ȥ ');
feature(1)=max(signalnew); % 1 max
feature(2)=min(signalnew); % 2 min
feature(3)=mean(signalnew); % 3 mean
feature(4)=var(signalnew); % 4
feature(5)=std(signalnew); % 5
set(handles.edit1,‘String’,num2str(feature(1)));
set(handles.edit2,‘String’,num2str(feature(2)));
set(handles.edit3,‘String’,num2str(feature(3)));
set(handles.edit4,‘String’,num2str(feature(4)));
set(handles.edit5,‘String’,num2str(feature(5)));

⛄三、运行结果

⛄四、matlab版本及参考文献

1 matlab版本
2014a或2019b

2 参考文献
[1]李博健.改进LMD算法在管道泄漏中的应用研究[D].东北石油大学

3 备注
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