C++数据结构（四）——C++模板

函数模板

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

template <typename Comparable>
const Comparable & findMax(const vector<Comparable> & a)
{
	int maxIndex = 0;
	for(int i=1; i < a.size(); i++){
		if(a[maxIndex] < a[i]){
			maxIndex = i;
		}
	}
	return a[maxIndex];
}
int main(){
	vector<int> v1;
	vector<double> v2;
	vector<string> v3;
	
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(7);
	v1.push_back(2);
	
	v2.push_back(2.3);
	v2.push_back(5.1);
	v2.push_back(1.7);
	v2.push_back(0.2);
	
	v3.push_back("hello");
	v3.push_back(",");
	v3.push_back("world");
	v3.push_back("!");
	cout<<findMax(v1)<<endl;
	cout<<findMax(v2)<<endl;
	cout<<findMax(v3)<<endl;
	return 0;
}

函数模板应用

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

template <typename Comparable>
const Comparable & findMax(const vector<Comparable> & a)
{
	int maxIndex = 0;
	for(int i=1; i < a.size(); i++){
		if(a[maxIndex] < a[i]){
			maxIndex = i;
		}
	}
	return a[maxIndex];
}

class Employee
{
	public:
		void setValue(const string &n, double s)
		{
			name = n, salary = s;
		}
		const string & getname() const
		{
			return name;
		}
		void print(ostream & out) const
		{
			out<<name<<"("<<salary<<")";
		}
		bool operator < (const Employee & rhs) const
		{
			return salary < rhs.salary;
		}
	private:
		string name;
		double salary;
};
ostream & operator << (ostream & out, const Employee & rhs)
{
	rhs.print(out);
	return out;
}

int main(){
	vector<Employee> v(3);
	
	v[0].setValue("G", 400);
	v[1].setValue("B", 200);
	v[2].setValue("D", 130);

	cout<<findMax(v)<<endl;
	return 0;
}

类模板

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

template <typename Object>
class MemoryCell
{
	public:
		explicit MemoryCell(const Object & initialValue = Object())
		:storedValue(initialValue){}
		const Object & read() const
		{
			return storedValue;
		}
		void write(const Object & x)
		{
			storedValue = x;
		}
	private:
		Object storedValue;
}; 

int main(){
	MemoryCell<int> m1;
	MemoryCell<string> m2("hello");
	m1.write(37);
	m2.write(m2.read()+"world");
	cout<<m1.read()<<endl<<m2.read()<<endl;
	
	return 0;
}