第一节:(4)逻辑工艺线上量测简介

本文介绍了半导体制造中的线上量测技术,包括CDSEM、HV CDSEM、Ellipsometry和OCD(SCD)。CDSEM用于量测特征尺寸和表面形貌,HV CDSEM适用于深孔和槽的量测,Ellipsometry侧重薄膜厚度,OCD则用于多维度的薄膜特性分析。此外,还讨论了套刻精度(OVL)的重要性及其在保证工艺窗口中的作用。这些技术在确保芯片质量和工艺控制中起到关键作用。

工艺制造的量测设备可谓是多种多样,主要是单层薄膜(包括介质和金属)厚度形貌,多层薄膜结构形貌量测,套刻量测,应力的量测,元素浓度分析,甚至方块电阻的量测,当然也还有一些缺陷检测(Defect Scan & Review),这里面有的是线上量测(Inline metrology),这些是会建立在芯片制造工艺流程里的(Process Flow);也有的是线下量测(Offline Metrology),这些都是各个module单独管控的,大部分时候是为了监测单道工艺的稳定性而进行的监控。当然还有WAT电性量测,这个会放在工艺介绍结束之后再说,本节介绍缺陷检测以外的线上量测。

线上量测的位置大多数时候都在切割道上。我们知道,做芯片一定会用到光罩或者叫做掩膜(Mask)。在光罩上,除了会放上目标芯片,芯片与芯片之中间会有叫做切割道(Scribe Lane, 设计端也可能叫做Saw Street)的区域。这些区域会放上不同的量测图形或者标记,并在制造过程中进行制程参数监控。封装做芯片时,会以切割道为轴将每个芯片单独封装。参考下面floor Plan:

CD-bar: 一些长条状的图形,可以直接量测CD和space,分为dense型和Iso型,这个一般只作为辅助Monitor。

THK Monitor Pattern没有图形的区域,对于特定的薄膜,只有无和有两种情况

OCD Pattern: Line/space的重复图形

Optical Pattern: 这个是不同pitch的pattern,比如poly最小pitch是108nm,更大的还有118甚至500,1000nm的,也就是space会不一样,这样实际做出来的poly CD会由于loading effect而产生差异,这个是根据需求去量测,一般会量dense和Iso各一个

OVL Mark

The instruction manual for this product comprises the following five volumes; SYSTEM SECTION, OPERATING SECTION, WINDOW SECTION, ERROR MESSAGE SECTION, and MEASUREMENT/IMAGE FILE CONFIGURATION. This volume is the OPERATING SECTION for the CD Measurement and Evaluation SEM System. • The SYSTEM SECTION covers the installation requirements, arrangements of component parts of the instrument, functional features, operating principles, file organization, coordinate schemes, start/stop of instrument operation, troubleshooting, maintenance, safety precautions, etc. • The OPERATING SECTION presents the instrument operating procedures, file creating procedures, and optional function control procedures. • The WINDOW SECTION details the operational functions and procedures for windows displayed on the monitor. • The ERROR MESSAGE SECTION describes possible causes of error messages to be indicated on the workstation during operation of the instrument, together with remedial procedures to be taken. • The MEASUREMENT/IMAGE FILE CONFIGURATION explains the configuration of image and measurement files. • Before attempting operation of the instrument, read the SYSTEM SECTION first. Then, after you have acquired a basic knowledge concerning the instrument, proceed to the OPERATING SECTION and WINDOW SECTION. • The maintenance and checkup procedures for ensuring normal operation of the instrument are described in the SYSTEM SECTION. According to the periodic check list contained in the SYSTEM SECTION, carry out maintenance and inspection periodically as instructed. • This instruction manual contains some descriptions concerning plural instrument models, software versions and optional functions. Check your instrument model, software version and optional functions incorporated, and then read the relevant descriptions in the manual. • This instruction manual pertains to the following models of the S-9000 series CD SEMs; S-9200, S-9220, S-9260, S-9260A, S-9300, S-9360 and S-9380.
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