Step Detector and Step Counter

Android 4.4引入了步数检测器和计数器两种新型复合传感器,能够帮助应用跟踪用户行走、跑步或爬楼梯时的步数。这些传感器通过硬件实现,以降低功耗。步数检测器通过分析加速度计输入来识别用户的步伐,并为每一步触发事件;步数计数器则记录自上次设备重启以来的总步数,并在步数变化时触发事件。

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Step Detector and Step Counter


Android 4.4 also adds platform support for two new composite sensors — step detector and step counter — that let your app track steps when the user is walking, running, or climbing stairs. These new sensors are implemented in hardware for low power consumption.


The step detector analyzes accelerometer input to recognize when the user has taken a step, then triggers an event with each step. The step counter tracks the total number of steps since the last device reboot and triggers an event with each change in the step count. Because the logic and sensor management is built into the platform and underlying hardware, you don't need to maintain your own detection algorithms in your app.


Step detector and counter sensors are available on Nexus 5, and we're working with our chipset partners to bring them to new devices as soon as possible.


I fetch the section from android official website.Last week,I got the step detector and step counter APP from one friend.He told me it is popular.Luckily get the information from Android website.


Actually,the app is a little simple,but it is widely used.It will be a great perspective for sport APP.I rightly have a good idea which is relative to sports,such as running,jogging.


I just show the outline here.A range of  people want to run,jog,but they are lazy.It is difficult to insist on.But if they search friends who have the same scenario and do it together, the exercise effectiveness will be better.They can share the effectiveness in friend's group.That's awesome.
以下是一个基于三轴加速度数据的计步算法示例,使用了低通滤波、华东窗口和波峰波谷检测。请注意,这是一个简单的示例,实际应用中可能需要根据具体情况进行调整和优化。 ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #define SAMPLE_RATE 50 // 采样率,单位 Hz #define WINDOW_SIZE 20 // 窗口大小,单位采样点 #define THRESHOLD_FACTOR 0.25 // 波峰波谷阈值系数 #define MIN_STEP_INTERVAL 300 // 最小步间隔,单位毫秒 // 低通滤波器 typedef struct { double a1, a2, b0, b1, b2; double x1, x2, y1, y2; } LowPassFilter; void initLowPassFilter(LowPassFilter* filter, double cutoffFreq) { double omega = 2.0 * M_PI * cutoffFreq / SAMPLE_RATE; double alpha = sin(omega) / (2.0 * 0.707); double beta = sqrt(2.0) * alpha; double a0 = 1.0 + beta + alpha * alpha; filter->a1 = (2.0 * (alpha * alpha - 1.0)) / a0; filter->a2 = (1.0 - beta + alpha * alpha) / a0; filter->b0 = (alpha * alpha) / a0; filter->b1 = (2.0 * alpha * alpha) / a0; filter->b2 = (alpha * alpha) / a0; filter->x1 = 0.0; filter->x2 = 0.0; filter->y1 = 0.0; filter->y2 = 0.0; } double lowPassFilter(LowPassFilter* filter, double x) { double y = filter->b0 * x + filter->b1 * filter->x1 + filter->b2 * filter->x2 - filter->a1 * filter->y1 - filter->a2 * filter->y2; filter->x2 = filter->x1; filter->x1 = x; filter->y2 = filter->y1; filter->y1 = y; return y; } // 华东窗口 typedef struct { double* buffer; int size; int head; double sum; } MovingWindow; void initMovingWindow(MovingWindow* window, int size) { window->buffer = (double*) malloc(size * sizeof(double)); window->size = size; window->head = 0; window->sum = 0.0; } void destroyMovingWindow(MovingWindow* window) { free(window->buffer); } void addToMovingWindow(MovingWindow* window, double x) { window->sum += x; window->sum -= window->buffer[window->head]; window->buffer[window->head] = x; window->head = (window->head + 1) % window->size; } double getMovingWindowAvg(MovingWindow* window) { return window->sum / window->size; } // 波峰波谷检测状态 typedef enum { STATE_IDLE, STATE_RISING, STATE_FALLING } PeakDetectionState; // 波峰波谷检测 typedef struct { PeakDetectionState state; double threshold; double lastValue; double lastPeak; double lastValley; } PeakDetector; void initPeakDetector(PeakDetector* detector, double threshold) { detector->state = STATE_IDLE; detector->threshold = threshold; detector->lastValue = 0.0; detector->lastPeak = 0.0; detector->lastValley = 0.0; } int updatePeakDetector(PeakDetector* detector, double value, double* peak, double* valley) { switch (detector->state) { case STATE_IDLE: if (value > detector->lastValue + detector->threshold) { detector->state = STATE_RISING; detector->lastPeak = value; *peak = value; return 1; } else if (value < detector->lastValue - detector->threshold) { detector->state = STATE_FALLING; detector->lastValley = value; *valley = value; return 1; } break; case STATE_RISING: if (value < detector->lastPeak) { detector->state = STATE_FALLING; detector->lastValley = value; *valley = value; return 1; } break; case STATE_FALLING: if (value > detector->lastValley) { detector->state = STATE_RISING; detector->lastPeak = value; *peak = value; return 1; } break; } detector->lastValue = value; return 0; } // 计步器 typedef struct { LowPassFilter filter; MovingWindow window; PeakDetector peakDetector; int stepCount; int lastStepTime; } StepCounter; void initStepCounter(StepCounter* counter) { initLowPassFilter(&counter->filter, 5.0); initMovingWindow(&counter->window, WINDOW_SIZE); initPeakDetector(&counter->peakDetector, THRESHOLD_FACTOR * getMovingWindowAvg(&counter->window)); counter->stepCount = 0; counter->lastStepTime = 0; } void destroyStepCounter(StepCounter* counter) { destroyMovingWindow(&counter->window); } int updateStepCounter(StepCounter* counter, double x, double y, double z) { double norm = sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z); double filtered = lowPassFilter(&counter->filter, norm); addToMovingWindow(&counter->window, filtered); double avg = getMovingWindowAvg(&counter->window); double peak = 0.0, valley = 0.0; if (updatePeakDetector(&counter->peakDetector, filtered - avg, &peak, &valley)) { int interval = SAMPLE_RATE * (peak - valley) / norm; if (interval > MIN_STEP_INTERVAL && counter->lastStepTime + interval < SAMPLE_RATE * 2) { counter->stepCount++; counter->lastStepTime += interval; return 1; } } return 0; } int main() { // 假设有一组加速度数据 ax, ay, az,每秒50个样本 double ax[1000], ay[1000], az[1000]; // 初始化计步器 StepCounter counter; initStepCounter(&counter); // 处理加速度数据 for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { int step = updateStepCounter(&counter, ax[i], ay[i], az[i]); if (step) { printf("Step %d detected\n", counter.stepCount); } } // 销毁计步器 destroyStepCounter(&counter); return 0; } ```
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