探索DeepSeek如何强化自动化测试：智能生成测试用例

随着DeepSeek的日益流行和AI技术的飞速发展，今天我们将深入探讨如何利用DeepSeek来增强自动化测试的效率与质量。通过AI的介入，我们有望实现测试过程的智能化与高效化。

Prompt的重要性

Prompt在AI的应用中扮演着至关重要的角色。它作为AI理解和执行任务的基础，其准确性和清晰度将直接影响AI生成的结果。AI通过对Prompt的解析，理解关键词及其语义关系，从而精准地执行我们的指令。

为了演示如何使用DeepSeek生成接口测试用例，我们首先编写一个简单的Prompt：

根据提供的接口信息，生成接口测试用例，并以json格式返回。json格式需包含请求体、请求头。接口信息如下：{ “API”: “/payment”, “method”: “POST”, “params”: { “user_id”: {“type”: “int”, “required”: true, “min”: 1000, “max”: 9999}, “amount”: {“type”: “float”, “required”: true, “min”: 0.01, “max”: 10000.00}, “currency”: {“type”: “enum”, “values”: [“USD”, “CNY”, “EUR”]}, “timestamp”: {“type”: “timestamp”, “format”: “ISO8601”} } }

调用模型

完成Prompt编写后，我们将其输入DeepSeek模型，观察其返回结果：

{
  "test_cases": [
    {
      "name": "valid_request_all_parameters",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 1000,
        "amount": 50.5,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 200,
      "expected_validation": ["user_id", "amount", "currency", "timestamp"]
    },
    {
      "name": "missing_required_user_id",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "amount": 50.5,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["user_id is required"]
    },
    {
      "name": "user_id_invalid_type",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": "invalid_id",
        "amount": 50.5,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["user_id must be an integer"]
    },
    {
      "name": "user_id_below_min",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 999,
        "amount": 50.5,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["user_id must be ≥1000"]
    },
    {
      "name": "user_id_above_max",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 10000,
        "amount": 50.5,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["user_id must be ≤9999"]
    },
    {
      "name": "missing_required_amount",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 1000,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["amount is required"]
    },
    {
      "name": "amount_negative",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 1000,
        "amount": -0.5,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["amount must be ≥0.01"]
    },
    {
      "name": "amount_exceeds_max",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 1000,
        "amount": 10001.0,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["amount must be ≤10000.00"]
    },
    {
      "name": "amount_invalid_type",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 1000,
        "amount": "invalid_amount",
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["amount must be a float"]
    },
    {
      "name": "invalid_currency",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 1000,
        "amount": 50.5,
        "currency": "JPY",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05T12:34:56Z"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["currency must be one of: USD, CNY, EUR"]
    },
    {
      "name": "invalid_timestamp_format",
      "method": "POST",
      "path": "/payment",
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "body": {
        "user_id": 1000,
        "amount": 50.5,
        "currency": "USD",
        "timestamp": "2023-10-05 12:34:56"
      },
      "expected_status": 400,
      "expected_validation": ["timestamp must be in ISO8601 format"]
    }
  ]
}

从返回结果来看，DeepSeek成功生成了我们期望的测试用例。这些测试用例可以直接用于编写接口测试脚本，我们只需将DeepSeek返回的结果传递给测试脚本即可。当然，根据实际需求，预期结果可能需要进行微调，但接口返回的状态码通常是可以直接使用的。此外，我们还可以在Prompt中预先定义接口返回的枚举值，以便DeepSeek生成更精确的测试用例。

扩展应用

基于上述示例，我们可以进一步开发智能生成接口测试用例的功能。通过调用DeepSeek接口，传入Prompt，获取其返回的测试用例，然后组装成测试脚本进行自动化测试。这种方法将极大地提高测试效率，并降低人为错误的风险。