11. Container With Most Water

本文探讨了一种经典的算法问题——容器盛水量最大化问题,并通过两种不同的算法实现:一种是初始的穷举法,另一种则是更高效的贪心算法。通过对算法的逐步改进,展示了如何从简单暴力的方法过渡到更为优化的解决方案。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

一开始写的算法,只是穷举法,结果导致在最后一个大的input case总司TLE,后来通过剪枝,勉强28ms通过。如下是我的代码:

    int maxArea(vector<int>& height) {
        int i, j, maxArea = 0, tmp, len = (int)height.size(), loopMax = 0, maxStart = 0, maxMin = 0;;
        for (i=0; i<len-1; i++) {
            if (height.at(i) <= maxStart) { // <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">maxStart当前最大数值时,起始线的长度</span>
                continue;
            }
            loopMax = 0;
            for (j=len-1; j>=i+maxArea/height.at(i)+1; j--) { // 为什么用递减?是为了能够利用j和i之间距离越来越小这一特点,便于剪枝
                if (height.at(j) <= loopMax || height.at(j) <= maxMin) { 
                    continue;
                } else {
                    loopMax = height.at(j);
                }
                tmp = min(height.at(i), height.at(j)) * (j-i) ;
                if (tmp > maxArea) {
                    maxArea = tmp;
                    maxStart = height.at(i);
                    maxMin = min(height.at(i), height.at(j));
                }
            }
        }
        return maxArea;
    }

后来看了一下网上的代码,才发现这道题目的解法其实是贪心。贪心方法的特点是解法容易,复杂度一般是O(n^2)乃至O(n),但是证明较难,这道题目,我在Google上几乎没找到特别严谨并且易于理解的证明。不过其大致思想可以解释如下:

1. 最宽的容器(通过第一根和最后一根线构造)是一个非常好的候选者,因为它的宽最大。它的高度为第一根线和第二根线中较短的那根线的长度。

2. 所有其他的容器都比(1)中最宽的容器窄,因此为了能够多装水,构造容器的两根线中最短的那根线应该尽可能长。

3. 二根线中,较短的那根线不符合(2),应该直接被移除。

注意上述,论述中的(3)并不严谨,在这里只是方便大家理解和记忆。贪心的代码如下:


    int maxArea(vector<int>& height) {
        int maxArea = 0, i = 0, j = (int)height.size()-1;
        while (i < j) {
            maxArea = max((height.at(i), height.at(j)) * (j-i), maxArea);
            if (height.at(i) < height.at(j)) {
                i++;
            } else {
                j++;
            }
        }
        return maxArea;
    }

思路:

由于ai和aj (i<j) 组成的container的面积:S(i,j) = min(ai, aj) * (j-i)

所以对于任何S(i'>=i, j'<=j) >= S(i,j),由于j'-i' <= j-i,必然要有min(ai',aj')>=min(ai,aj)才行。同样可以采用头尾双指针向中间移动:

当a(left) < a(right)时,对任何j<right来说

(1) min(a(left),aj) <= a(left) = min(a(left), a(right))
(2) j-left < right-left

所以S(left, right) > S(left, j<right)。排除了所有以left为左边界的组合,因此需要右移left。同理,当a(left) > a(right)时,需要左移right。而当a(left) = a(right)时,需要同时移动left和right。

思路整理:
left = 0, right = n-1
(1) a[left] < a[right], left++
(2) a[left] > a[right], right--
(3) a[left] = a[right], left++, right--
终止条件:left>-right


class Solution {
public:
    int maxArea(vector<int> &height) {
        int mxArea = 0; 
        int left = 0, right = height.size()-1;
        while(left<right) {
            int curArea = min(height[left],height[right])*(right-left);
            mxArea = max(curArea,mxArea);
            if(height[left]<height[right])
                left++;
            else if(height[left]>height[right])
                right--;
            else {
                left++;
                right--;
            }
        }
        return mxArea;
    }
};


1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值