畅通工程(最小生成树,并查集)

该博客讨论了如何运用并查集解决城镇交通状况优化问题,即确定最少需要建设多少条道路来使得所有城镇间都能实现交通。通过给出的C语言代码示例,解释了如何实现路径压缩和union-find操作来找出最小生成树,从而计算所需新增道路数量。此方法适用于处理图论中的连通性问题。

题目:

某省调查城镇交通状况,得到现有城镇道路统计表,表中列出了每条道路直接连通的城镇。省政府“畅通工程”的目标是使全省任何两个城镇间都可以实现交通(但不一定有直接的道路相连,只要互相间接通过道路可达即可)。问最少还需要建设多少条道路?

Input

测试输入包含若干测试用例。每个测试用例的第1行给出两个正整数,分别是城镇数目N ( < 1000 )和道路数目M;随后的M行对应M条道路,每行给出一对正整数,分别是该条道路直接连通的两个城镇的编号。为简单起见,城镇从1到N编号。
注意:两个城市之间可以有多条道路相通,也就是说
3 3
1 2
1 2
2 1
这种输入也是合法的
当N为0时,输入结束,该用例不被处理。

Output

对每个测试用例,在1行里输出最少还需要建设的道路数目。

Sample Input

4 2
1 3
4 3
3 3
1 2
1 3
2 3
5 2
1 2
3 5
999 0
0

Sample Output

1
0
2
998


  
Huge input, scanf is recommended.

Hint

Hint

思路:典型的最小生成树,并查集,

实现代码:

#include<stdio.h>

int pre[1010];
int find(int x)
{
	if(x!=pre[x])
	{
		pre[x]=find(pre[x]);
	}
	return pre[x];
}
int hebing(int x,int y)
{
	int x1,y1;
	x1=find(x);
	y1=find(y);
	if(x1!=y1)
	{
		pre[x1]=y1;
	}
}
int main()
{
	int n,m;
	while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
	{
		if(n==0)
		break;
		scanf("%d",&m);
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		pre[i]=i;
		int a,b;
		for(int i=1;i<=m;i++)
		{
			scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
			hebing(a,b);
		}
		int ans=-1;
		for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		{
			if(i==find(i))
			ans++;
		}
		printf("%d\n",ans);
	}
 } 

不理解的可以看视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Eb41177d1?from=search&seid=15643564825840793911

 

 

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