LeetCode热题100使用哈希表的题目整理(待更)

这篇博客整理了LeetCode中使用哈希表解决的热门题目,包括两数之和、找到所有消失的数字、字母异位词分组、和为K的子数组以及无重复字符的最长子串。通过哈希表优化算法,降低了时间复杂度,提高了解题效率。

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两数之和(simple难度)

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/two-sum/

class Solution {
    public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
        Map<Integer, Integer> hashtable = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
            if (hashtable.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {
                return new int[]{hashtable.get(target - nums[i]), i};
            }
            hashtable.put(nums[i], i);
        }
        return new int[0];
    }
}

作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/two-sum/solution/liang-shu-zhi-he-by-leetcode-solution/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

找到所有数组中消失的数字(simple难度)

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/find-all-numbers-disappeared-in-an-array/

class Solution {
    public List<Integer> findDisappearedNumbers(int[] nums) {
        HashMap<Integer, Boolean> hashTable = new HashMap<Integer, Boolean>();              
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
            hashTable.put(nums[i], true);
        }
        List<Integer> result = new LinkedList<Integer>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= nums.length; i++) {
            if (!hashTable.containsKey(i)) {
                result.add(i);
            }
        }        
        return result;
    }
}

作者:LeetCode
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/find-all-numbers-disappeared-in-an-array/solution/zhao-dao-suo-you-shu-zu-zhong-xiao-shi-de-shu-zi-2/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

class Solution {
    public List<Integer> findDisappearedNumbers(int[] nums) {
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
            int newIndex = Math.abs(nums[i]) - 1;
            if (nums[newIndex] > 0) {
                nums[newIndex] *= -1;
            }
        }
        List<Integer> result = new LinkedList<Integer>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= nums.length; i++) {           
            if (nums[i - 1] > 0) {
                result.add(i);
            }
        }        
        return result;
    }
}

作者:LeetCode
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/find-all-numbers-disappeared-in-an-array/solution/zhao-dao-suo-you-shu-zu-zhong-xiao-shi-de-shu-zi-2/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

字母异位词分组(medium难度)

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/group-anagrams/

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> groupAnagrams(String[] strs) {
        Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
        for (String str : strs) {
            char[] array = str.toCharArray();
            Arrays.sort(array);
            String key = new String(array);
            List<String> list = map.getOrDefault(key, new ArrayList<String>());
            list.add(str);
            map.put(key, list);
        }
        return new ArrayList<List<String>>(map.values());
    }
}

作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/group-anagrams/solution/zi-mu-yi-wei-ci-fen-zu-by-leetcode-solut-gyoc/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> groupAnagrams(String[] strs) {
        Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
        for (String str : strs) {
            int[] counts = new int[26];
            int length = str.length();
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                counts[str.charAt(i) - 'a']++;
            }
            // 将每个出现次数大于 0 的字母和出现次数按顺序拼接成字符串,作为哈希表的键
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                if (counts[i] != 0) {
                    sb.append((char) ('a' + i));
                    sb.append(counts[i]);
                }
            }
            String key = sb.toString();
            List<String> list = map.getOrDefault(key, new ArrayList<String>());
            list.add(str);
            map.put(key, list);
        }
        return new ArrayList<List<String>>(map.values());
    }
}

作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/group-anagrams/solution/zi-mu-yi-wei-ci-fen-zu-by-leetcode-solut-gyoc/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

和为K的子数组(medium难度)

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/subarray-sum-equals-k/

<方法一>:枚举

public class Solution {
    public int subarraySum(int[] nums, int k) {
        int count = 0;
        for (int start = 0; start < nums.length; ++start) {
            int sum = 0;
            for (int end = start; end >= 0; --end) {
                sum += nums[end];
                if (sum == k) {
                    count++;
                }
            }
        }
        return count;
    }
}

作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/subarray-sum-equals-k/solution/he-wei-kde-zi-shu-zu-by-leetcode-solution/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

<方法二>:前缀和

public class Solution {

    public int subarraySum(int[] nums, int k) {
        int len = nums.length;
        // 计算前缀和数组
        int[] preSum = new int[len + 1];
        preSum[0] = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            preSum[i + 1] = preSum[i] + nums[i];
        }

        int count = 0;
        for (int left = 0; left < len; left++) {
            for (int right = left; right < len; right++) {
                // 区间和 [left..right],注意下标偏移
                if (preSum[right + 1] - preSum[left] == k) {
                    count++;
                }
            }
        }
        return count;
    }
}

作者:liweiwei1419
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/subarray-sum-equals-k/solution/bao-li-jie-fa-qian-zhui-he-qian-zhui-he-you-hua-ja/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

<方法三>:前缀和+哈希表优化

由于只关心次数,不关心具体的解,我们可以使用哈希表加速运算;

public class Solution {
    public int subarraySum(int[] nums, int k) {
        int count = 0, pre = 0;
// key:前缀和,value:key对应的前缀和的个数
        HashMap < Integer, Integer > mp = new HashMap < > ();
//对于一开始的情况。下标0之前没有元素,可以认为前缀和为0,个数为1个,因此mp.put(0, 1);这一点是必要且合理的。
        mp.put(0, 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
            pre += nums[i];
            if (mp.containsKey(pre - k)) {
                count += mp.get(pre - k);
            }
            mp.put(pre, mp.getOrDefault(pre, 0) + 1);
        }
        return count;
    }
}

作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/subarray-sum-equals-k/solution/he-wei-kde-zi-shu-zu-by-leetcode-solution/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

由于保存了之前相同前缀和的个数,计算区间总数的时候不是一个一个地加,时间复杂度降到了O(n)。

无重复字符的最长子串(medium难度)

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-substring-without-repeating-characters/

与本题相同的题目:

剑指offer48.最长不含重复字符的子字符串

本方法思路和代码来源:
作者:guanpengchn
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-substring-without-repeating-characters/solution/hua-jie-suan-fa-3-wu-zhong-fu-zi-fu-de-zui-chang-z/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int n = s.length(), ans = 0;
        Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int end = 0, start = 0; end < n; end++) {
            char alpha = s.charAt(end);
            if (map.containsKey(alpha)) {
                start = Math.max(map.get(alpha), start);
            }
            ans = Math.max(ans, end - start + 1);
            map.put(s.charAt(end), end + 1);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

作者:guanpengchn
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-substring-without-repeating-characters/solution/hua-jie-suan-fa-3-wu-zhong-fu-zi-fu-de-zui-chang-z/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

以下方法思路及代码的来源:
作者:jyd
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/fei-bo-na-qi-shu-lie-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-10-i-fei-bo-na-qi-shu-lie-dong-tai-gui/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

Java的 getOrDefault(key, default)getOrDefault(key,default),代表当哈希表包含键key时返回对应value,不包含时返回默认值default。

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        Map<Character, Integer> dic = new HashMap<>();
        int res = 0, tmp = 0;
        for(int j = 0; j < s.length(); j++) {
            int i = dic.getOrDefault(s.charAt(j), -1); // 获取索引 i
            dic.put(s.charAt(j), j); // 更新哈希表
            tmp = tmp < j - i ? tmp + 1 : j - i; // dp[j - 1] -> dp[j]
            res = Math.max(res, tmp); // max(dp[j - 1], dp[j])
        }
        return res;
    }
}

作者:jyd
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/zui-chang-bu-han-zhong-fu-zi-fu-de-zi-zi-fu-chuan-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-48-zui-chang-bu-han-zhong-fu-zi-fu-d-9/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        Map<Character, Integer> dic = new HashMap<>();
        int res = 0, tmp = 0;
        for(int j = 0; j < s.length(); j++) {
            int i = j - 1;
            while(i >= 0 && s.charAt(i) != s.charAt(j)) i--; // 线性查找 i
            tmp = tmp < j - i ? tmp + 1 : j - i; // dp[j - 1] -> dp[j]
            res = Math.max(res, tmp); // max(dp[j - 1], dp[j])
        }
        return res;
    }
}

作者:jyd
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/zui-chang-bu-han-zhong-fu-zi-fu-de-zi-zi-fu-chuan-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-48-zui-chang-bu-han-zhong-fu-zi-fu-d-9/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        Map<Character, Integer> dic = new HashMap<>();
        int i = -1, res = 0;
        for(int j = 0; j < s.length(); j++) {
            if(dic.containsKey(s.charAt(j)))
                i = Math.max(i, dic.get(s.charAt(j))); // 更新左指针 i
            dic.put(s.charAt(j), j); // 哈希表记录
            res = Math.max(res, j - i); // 更新结果
        }
        return res;
    }
}

作者:jyd
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/zui-chang-bu-han-zhong-fu-zi-fu-de-zi-zi-fu-chuan-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-48-zui-chang-bu-han-zhong-fu-zi-fu-d-9/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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