python 点对点语音_Django 实现 Websocket 广播、点对点发送消息的代码

1.Django实现Websocket

使用Django来实现Websocket服务的方法很多在这里我们推荐技术最新的Channels库来实现

1.1.安装DjangoChannels

Channels安装如果你是Windows操作系统的话,那么必要条件就是Python3.7

pip install channels

1.2.配置DjangoChannels

1.创建项目ChannelsReady

django-admin startprobject ChannelsReady

2.在项目的settings.py同级目录中,新建文件routing.py

# routing.py

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({

# 暂时为空

})

3.在项目配置文件settings.py中写入

INSTALLED_APPS = [

'channels'

]

ASGI_APPLICATION = "ChannelsReady.routing.application"

1.3.启动带有Channels提供的ASGI的Django项目

You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.

Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

February 01, 2020 - 17:27:13

Django version 3.0.2, using settings 'ChannelsReady.settings'

Starting ASGI/Channels version 2.4.0 development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/

Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

很明显可以看到ASGI/Channels,这样就算启动完成了

1.4.创建Websocket服务

1.创建一个新的应用chats

python manage.py startapp chats

2.在settings.py中注册chats

INSTALLED_APPS = [

'chats',

'channels'

]

3.在chats应用中新建文件chatService.py

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer

# 这里除了 WebsocketConsumer 之外还有

# JsonWebsocketConsumer

# AsyncWebsocketConsumer

# AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer

# WebsocketConsumer 与 JsonWebsocketConsumer 就是多了一个可以自动处理JSON的方法

# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer 也是多了一个JSON的方法

# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 WebsocketConsumer 才是重点

# 看名称似乎理解并不难 Async 无非就是异步带有 async / await

# 是的理解并没有错,但对与我们来说他们唯一不一样的地方,可能就是名字的长短了,用法是一模一样的

# 最夸张的是,基类是同一个,而且这个基类的方法也是Async异步的

class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer):

# 当Websocket创建连接时

def connect(self):

pass

# 当Websocket接收到消息时

def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):

pass

# 当Websocket发生断开连接时

def disconnect(self, code):

pass

1.5.为Websocket处理对象增加路由

1.在chats应用中,新建urls.py

from django.urls import path

from chats.chatService import ChatService

websocket_url = [

path("ws/",ChatService)

]

2.回到项目routing.py文件中增加ASGI非HTTP请求处理

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter,URLRouter

from chats.urls import websocket_url

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({

"websocket":URLRouter(

websocket_url

)

})

总结：

下载

注册到setting.py里的app

在setting.py同级的目录下注册channels使用的路由----->routing.py

将routing.py注册到setting.py

把urls.py的路由注册到routing.py里

编写wsserver.py来处理websocket请求

export default {

name:'websocket1',

data() {

return {

message:'',

testsocket:''

}

},

methods:{

send(){

// send 发送信息

// close 关闭连接

this.testsocket.send(this.message)

this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => {

console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data);

}

},

close_socket(){

this.testsocket.close()

}

},

mounted(){

this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/")

// onopen 定义打开时的函数

// onclose 定义关闭时的函数

// onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数

// this.testsocket.onopen = function(){

// console.log("开始连接socket")

// },

// this.testsocket.onclose = function(){

// console.log("socket连接已经关闭")

// }

}

}

3.广播消息

3.1客户端保持不变，同时打开多个客户端

3.2服务端存储每个链接的对象

socket_list = []

class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer):

# 当Websocket创建连接时

def connect(self):

self.accept()

socket_list.append(self)

# 当Websocket接收到消息时

def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):

print(text_data) # 打印收到的数据

for ws in socket_list: # 遍历所有的WebsocketConsumer对象

ws.send(text_data) # 对每一个WebsocketConsumer对象发送数据

4.点对点消息

4.1客户端将用户名拼接到url，并在发送的消息里指明要发送的对象

export default {

name:'websocket1',

data() {

return {

message:'',

testsocket:'',

user:''

}

},

methods:{

send(){

// send 发送信息

// close 关闭连接

var data1 = {"message":this.message,"to_user":this.user}

this.testsocket.send(JSON.stringify(data1))

this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => {

console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data);

}

},

close_socket(){

this.testsocket.close()

},

generate_uuid: function() {

var d = new Date().getTime();

if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.now === "function") {

d += performance.now(); //use high-precision timer if available

}

var uuid = "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace(

/[xy]/g,

function(c) {

var r = (d + Math.random() * 16) % 16 | 0;

d = Math.floor(d / 16);

return (c == "x" ? r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8).toString(16);

}

);

return uuid;

},

},

mounted(){

var username = this.generate_uuid();

console.log(username)

this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/"+ username +"/")

console.log(this.testsocket)

this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => {

console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data);

}

// onopen 定义打开时的函数

// onclose 定义关闭时的函数

// onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数

// this.testsocket.onopen = function(){

// console.log("开始连接socket")

// },

// this.testsocket.onclose = function(){

// console.log("socket连接已经关闭")

// }

}

}

4.2服务端存储用户名以及websocketConsumer，然后给对应的用户发送信息

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer

user_dict ={}

list = []

import json

class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer):

# 当Websocket创建连接时

def connect(self):

self.accept()

username = self.scope.get("url_route").get("kwargs").get("username")

user_dict[username] =self

print(user_dict)

# list.append(self)

# 当Websocket接收到消息时

def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None):

data = json.loads(text_data)

print(data)

to_user = data.get("to_user")

message = data.get("message")

ws = user_dict.get(to_user)

print(to_user)

print(message)

print(ws)

ws.send(text_data)

# 当Websocket发生断开连接时

def disconnect(self, code):

pass

总结

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