CCNP-9 OSPF试验5（BSCI)

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-11 22:47:27 发布
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原文链接：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/448534
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#网络

本文介绍了在NBMA网络环境中，使用点对多点子接口配置OSPF的过程及注意事项。重点在于不同接口类型间的邻居关系建立，以及如何通过调整网络类型实现自动邻居建立。
试验拓扑：

试验要求：R1 R2 R3通过FR相连，形成hub and spoke网络拓扑，R1为hub路由器，R2 R3为spoke路由器，R1采用点对多点子接口，R2 用物理接口，R3用点对点子接口，全部起OSPF。
试验目的：一是掌握NBMA部分网格环境下，采用点对点子接口时，OSPF的配置方法，二是掌握不同接口类型是否可以成功建立邻居关系。

实验配置：
R1：
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#enca frame-relay
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s1/0.1 multipoint
R1(config-subif)#ip add 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 301 broadcast
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 302 broadcast
 
R2：
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#enca frame-relay
R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.1 103 broadcast
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.2 103 broadcast
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 199.99.1.3 103 broadcast
 
R3：
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#enca frame-relay
R3(config-if)#no shu
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#int s1/0.1 point-to-point
R3(config-subif)#ip add 199.99.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 203
 
基本的链路层配置完成，先验证连通性：
R1#ping 199.99.1.2
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 199.99.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 144/204/356 ms
 
R1#ping 199.99.1.3
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 199.99.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 144/191/216 ms
 
好了，连路都是通的，下面开始OSPF的配置：
R1(config)#int loop0
R1(config-if)#ip add 100.100.100.100 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#router-id 100.100.100.100
R1(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
 
R2(config)#int loop0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 100                      
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
 
R3(config)#int loop0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router ospf 100
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 
R3(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
 
配置完成后，用show ip ospf interface查看接口OSPF配置：
R1#show ip ospf interface
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 100.100.100.100/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial1/0.1 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 199.99.1.1/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
  No designated router on this network
  No backup designated router on this network
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:02
    Wait time before Designated router selection 00:01:02
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
 
R2#show ip ospf interface
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 2.2.2.2/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 199.99.1.2/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
  No designated router on this network
  No backup designated router on this network
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:11
    Wait time before Designated router selection 00:01:11
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
 
R3#show ip ospf interface
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 3.3.3.3/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial1/0.1 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 199.99.1.3/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:02
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
 
注意用红色标记的部分：R1接口的网络类型为NON_BROADCAST，R2为NON_BROADCAST，R3为POINT_TO_POINT。然后查看邻居表会发现无法建立邻居关系。Debug信息会显示接口类型不匹配，所以无法建立邻居关系，下面手动修改接口网络类型为POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT：
R1(config)#int s1/0.1 multipoint
R1(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
 
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
 
R3(config)#int s1/0.1 point-to-point
R3(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
 
这样修改完成后，再用show ip ospf interface命令查看接口网络类型：
R1#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0.1 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 199.99.1.1/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:10
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 100.100.100.100/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 100.100.100.100, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
 
R2#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 199.99.1.2/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:12
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 100.100.100.100
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 2.2.2.2/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
 
R3#show ip ospf interface
Serial1/0.1 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 199.99.1.3/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:15
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 4 msec, maximum is 4 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 100.100.100.100
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 3.3.3.3/24, Area 0
  Process ID 100, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 1
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
 
上面用红颜色标记的部分不仅显示了接口的网络类型为POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT，还显示了默认的HELLO时间间隔为30秒，等待时间和死亡时间为HELLO时间间隔的4倍120秒，然后在用show ip ospf neighbor查看邻居关系：
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  -        00:01:59    199.99.1.3      Serial1/0.1
2.2.2.2           0   FULL/  -        00:01:57    199.99.1.2      Serial1/0.1
 
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
100.100.100.100   0   FULL/  -        00:01:58    199.99.1.1      Serial1/0
 
R3#show ip ospf neighbor
 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
100.100.100.100   0   FULL/  -        00:01:50    199.99.1.1      Serial1/0.1
 
邻居关系自动建立，并且不需要选举DR/BDR，sopke路由器只和hub路由器建立邻居关系，最后查看一下每台路由器的路由表：
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       100.100.100.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       3.3.3.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.3, 00:00:10, Serial1/0.1
     199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.1
O       199.99.1.3/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.3, 00:00:10, Serial1/0.1
 
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       100.100.100.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       3.3.3.0 [110/129] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0
     199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O       199.99.1.1/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0
C       199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O       199.99.1.3/32 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:05, Serial1/0
 
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       2.2.2.0 [110/129] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0.1
     100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       100.100.100.0 [110/65] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0.1
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     199.99.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O       199.99.1.1/32 [110/64] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:11, Serial1/0.1
C       199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0.1
O       199.99.1.2/32 [110/128] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:11, Serial1/0.1
 
OK，发现每台路由器里都学到了“O”路由。并且通过OSPF学到的接口地址是32位的主机路由。

实验总结：掌握在NBMA模式下，采用点对多点子接口的时候OSPF路由协议的配置，并且邻居关系是自动建立，无需手动指定邻居，无DR/BDR选举，默认的HELLO时间间隔为30秒，等待时间和死亡时间为HELLO时间间隔的4倍，120秒。还有就是接口地址是以32位主机路由的方式泛洪出去的。






















本文转自loveme2351CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/loveme23/46307 ，如需转载请自行联系原作者


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CCNP-10 OSPF试验6 实验拓扑： 实验要求：R1 R2 R3通过FR相连，形成hub and spoke网络拓扑，R1为hub路由器，R2为spoke路由器，在R1上采用点到多点子接口，R2 R3全部采用物理接口，全部起OSPF，并且R1接口的网络类型配置为点到多点NBMA。 试验目的：掌握OSPF的点到多点NBMA接口类型的配...
配置EIGRP与OSPF验证：新版CCNP-BSCI实验解析
"新版CCNP-BSCI中文实验手册是针对Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)认证中的Building Scalable Cisco Networks (BSCI)课程的一份详细实验指南。该手册涵盖了最新的实验内容，旨在帮助学习者掌握网络协议...
CCNP-BSCI实验手册：Eigrp, ospf, Bgp, PIM配置详解
"新版CCNP-BSCI中文实验手册涵盖了多个网络协议的配置和验证，包括EIGRP、OSPF、路由再发布、BGP以及PIM的自动RP配置。实验旨在帮助学习者深入理解和掌握这些核心网络技术。" 实验一：配置EIGRP验证和汇总 在实验...
CCNP-BSCI中文实验手册：实战配置与验证教程
《新版CCNP-BSCI中文实验手册》是一本针对Cisco Certified Network Professional - Broadband Service Infrastructure (CCNP-BSCI)认证的学习资料，其中包含了丰富的实践性实验，旨在帮助读者通过实际操作加深对网络...
CCNP-BSCI课件
04-09
【CCNP-BSCI课件】是一系列针对Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)认证中的Building Scalable Cisco Networks (BSCI)课程的学习资料。BSCI是Cisco网络专业人士为了掌握大型企业网络设计、实施和故障排除...
OSPF4
荆盼的博客
08-18 492
OSPF Network Types 接口有默认网络类型。 1,Loopback, 默认网络类型为Loopback,特点，不管配置为多少位的掩码，都为32位。 2，Point-to-Point Serial/BRI FR's P2Psub-if 通过组播更新，没有DR 3,Broadcast Ethernet 组播更新，有DR。 4，NBMA ...
OSPF身份验证
竹林晚风
08-16 9223
OSPF身份验证方式： （1）NULL （2）简单密码身份验证 （3）MD5身份验证 身份验证又分接口级别身份验证和区域级别身份验证和virtual-link身份验证 配置简单密码身份验证： 接口级别的身份验证： 配置简单身份验证： 第一步： 使用接口配置命令ip ospf authentication-key password 指定一个密码（密钥）
计算机⽹络及TCP⽹络应⽤程序开发
Darenm111的博客
09-07 1084
graph TDA[创建Socket对象] --> B[建立连接 connect]B --> C[发送数据 send]C --> D[关闭连接 close]网络基础：理解IP地址(定位设备)、端口(定位应用)、Socket(通信工具) 是网络编程的基石。协议选择：根据应用场景在可靠但慢的TCP和快速但不可靠的UDP之间做出权衡。TCP精髓：其可靠性源于复杂的机制（握手、挥手、确认、重传、控制），其开发流程围绕“建立连接->传输->关闭连接”展开。开发关键：严格遵循开发流程，深刻理解字节编码。
【计算机网络 | 第12篇】网络应用原理
在代码与逻辑的星河里，捡拾技术的微光
09-10 835
本文带你了解网络应用原理及其发展历程
Linux 防火墙 Iptables
最新发布
ZYMFZ的博客
09-11 886
高效稳定：基于内核工作，数据包过滤效率高，能稳定应对高并发网络场景。灵活可扩展：通过 “表 - 链 - 规则” 的结构，可适配不同网络环境（如局域网共享上网、服务器发布），且支持丰富的扩展模块。易上手：相较于其他防火墙工具，命令逻辑清晰，学习成本较低，同时具备强大的定制能力。
Android网络之WIFI技术网络模型概述
STCNXPARM的博客
09-07 995
1、IEEE802家族IEEE802家族是由一些列局域网(Local area network，简称LAN)技术规范所组成的，802.11是其中之一。IEEE802规范的重心放在OSI模型的最下面两层，因为它们同时涵盖了物理层(physical，简称PHY)与数据链路层（data link）组件。2、为啥IEEE802重点是定义数据链路层和物理层？与OSI模型的关联？
打印机已联网，但打印机显示“未连接”，解决方案
qq_40230540的博客
09-08 451
在弹出来的窗口中，选择 “Standard TCP/IP Port”，然后点击 “新端口” (New Port…在 “打印机名或IP地址” 栏中，输入您刚才从打印机配置页上找到的IP地址（例如192.168.1.105）。找到您的打印机图标，右键点击它，选择 “打印机属性” (注意不是单纯的“属性”)。打印机已联网，电脑未正确指向打印机的IP地址，也会显示“未连接”，查看方式改为“大图标”或“小图标”，找到并点击 “设备和打印机”。如果无法重启，可以先选择 “停止”，等待几秒后，再选择 “启动”。
华为交换机VLAN技术基础1（VLAN划分及跨交换机相同VLAN的通信技术）
sdszoe4922的博客
09-11 312
伊拉克战争（25国家）----GPS导航问题【全球四大：GPS,北斗，伽利略，格林纳斯】，印度洋大海啸（非常严重）-----新加坡安然无患；SAS非典疫情--------PC1和PC3属于同一VLAN 10，但目前还是不能通信（原因是SW1和SW2的链路还没有配置为trunk，目前的链路只允许VLAN1的数据通过）将接口添加到指定的VLAN中：步骤（先进入接口模式，然后修改链路类型为会话模式，添加该接口进入默认的VLAN中）我们就是做通信（数据通信），专业于通信安全（网络和信息安全）。（全网可以直接通信）
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