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OSPF Network Types

接口有默认网络类型。

1,Loopback,

默认网络类型为Loopback,特点，不管配置为多少位的掩码，都为32位。

2，Point-to-Point

Serial/BRI FR's P2Psub-if 通过组播更新，没有DR

3,Broadcast

Ethernet 组播更新，有DR。

4，NBMA

FR's Physical FR's MPsub-if 单播,有DR

5,P2MP --------------

6,P2MP NBMA -------------

试验

查看接口信息

loopback默认网络类型为 LOOPBACK

串口默认网络类型为POINT_TO_POINT

R1#show ip ospf interface 
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 1.1.1.1/24, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement
  Process ID 110, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1
  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name
        0           1         no          no            Base
  Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 12.1.1.1/24, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement
  Process ID 110, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name
        0           64        no          no            Base
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:09
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Cisco NSF helper support enabled
  IETF NSF helper support enabled
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 
    Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

在串口上选择DR

将串口的ospf网络类型必为broadcast类型

R1#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           1   FULL/DR         00:00:35    12.1.1.2        Serial2/0

NBMA

R1(config-if)#ip ospf network non-broadcast

R2(config-if)#ip ospf network non-broadcast

OSPF状态为WAITING。不组播更新。

R1#show ip ospf interface 
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 1.1.1.1/24, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement
  Process ID 110, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1
  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name
        0           1         no          no            Base
  Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 12.1.1.1/24, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement
  Process ID 110, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name
        0           64        no          no            Base
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
  No designated router on this network
  No backup designated router on this network
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:05
    Wait time before Designated router selection 00:01:08
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Cisco NSF helper support enabled
  IETF NSF helper support enabled
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

需要指定邻居

R1(config)#router ospf 110

R1(config-righbor 12.1.1.2outer)#ne

单边做就可以。

有DR

R1#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           1   FULL/DR         00:01:50    12.1.1.2        Serial2/0

P2MA

组播更新，不先DR，

R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint 

R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

R1#show ip ospf interface  s2/0
Serial2/0 is up, line protocol is up 
  Internet Address 12.1.1.1/24, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement
  Process ID 110, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64
  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name
        0           64        no          no            Base
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:25
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Cisco NSF helper support enabled
  IETF NSF helper support enabled
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 
    Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

点到多点会产生一条到达对方直连接口32位主机路由

R2#show ip route  ospf
      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 12.1.1.1, 00:03:16, Serial2/1
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O        12.1.1.1/32 [110/64] via 12.1.1.1, 00:03:16, Serial2/1

点到多点非广播

R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

指定邻居:

R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#router ospf 110
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.2

有一条32位主机路由

R1#show ip route ospf
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 12.1.1.2, 00:14:59, Serial2/0
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O        12.1.1.2/32 [110/64] via 12.1.1.2, 00:14:59, Serial2/0

R1 P2MP R2 P2P 修改Hello时间

R1(config-if)#ip osp network point-to-multipoint

R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

邻居关系不能建立，修改hello时间，

R2(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 30

邻居成功建立

R1#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           0   FULL/  -        00:00:36    12.1.1.2        Serial2/0

Frame-Relay 特点;

1、二层网络技术

2、DLCI（本地意义）

3、PVC

4、有连接（面向连接）

5、LMI（Cisco/ANSI/q933a),主动发送信息，探测远程是否正常工作。

三种状态

Local Remote

Active OK OK

Inactive OK NO

Delete NO ?

6、MAP

自动（Dynamic）

手动（Static）

ARP IARP

Ethernet FR

IP对 IP对

MAC对 DLCI 本

模拟FR交换机

R2上的配置

104 401 PVC

S2/0配置

!
interface Serial2/0
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 104 interface Serial2/1 401
!

S2/1配置

interface Serial2/1
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay lmi-type ansi
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 401 interface Serial2/0 104

105 501 PVC借助Tunnel

最终的Spoke

有两个PVC，104和105 但未使用，配置上IP就会到Local上。

R1#show frame-relay pvc

PVC Statistics for interface Serial2/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

              Active     Inactive      Deleted       Static
  Local          0            0            0            0
  Switched       0            0            0            0
  Unused         2            0            0            0

DLCI = 104, DLCI USAGE = UNUSED, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial2/0

  input pkts 0             output pkts 0            in bytes 0         
  out bytes 0              dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0         
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0         
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0         
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0         
  out bcast pkts 0         out bcast bytes 0         
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:17:00, last time pvc status changed 00:17:00

DLCI = 105, DLCI USAGE = UNUSED, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial2/0

  input pkts 0             output pkts 0            in bytes 0         
  out bytes 0              dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0         
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0         
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0         
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0         
  out bcast pkts 0         out bcast bytes 0         
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:01:10, last time pvc status changed 00:01:10

iarp 正常工作

R1#ping 145.1.1.4
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 145.1.1.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 17/17/18 ms
R1#ping 145.1.1.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 145.1.1.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 18/18/19 ms

学习到的map信息

broadcasst，伪广播（向每条map发送单播），支持某些路由协议发送广播或组播。

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial2/0 (up): ip 145.1.1.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial2/0 (up): ip 145.1.1.5 dlci 105(0x69,0x1890), dynamic,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

虽然在同一个网段，但就是ping不通，需要手工增加map

R4#show frame-relay map
Serial2/1 (up): ip 145.1.1.1 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), dynamic,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active
R4#ping 145.1.1.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 145.1.1.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

手工配置map

R4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 145.1.1.5 401 broadcast

类型为static

R4#show frame-relay map 
Serial2/1 (up): ip 145.1.1.5 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial2/1 (up): ip 145.1.1.1 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), dynamic,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

R5(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 145.1.1.4 501 broadcast

R5可以ping 通R4

R5#ping 145.1.1.4
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 145.1.1.4, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 37/38/39 ms

R1ping自己ip145.1.1.1不通

需要增加一条map

frame-relay map ip 145.1.1.1 104

增加完成后，可以ping通自己

R1#ping 145.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 145.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 18/19/20 ms

____________

OSPF

NBMA

手工指定邻居

R1配置

router ospf 110
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 145.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 neighbor 145.1.1.5
 neighbor 145.1.1.4

指定DR（HUB）

更改R1的优先级为2，R4,和R5优先级为0，不参与DR选举,R1为DR,R4和R5都为DROTHER。

R1#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
4.4.4.4           0   FULL/DROTHER    00:01:34    145.1.1.4       Serial2/0
5.5.5.5           0   FULL/DROTHER    00:01:40    145.1.1.5       Serial2/0

路由信息,所有路由都可以学到

R1#show ip route  ospf
      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 145.1.1.4, 00:00:55, Serial2/0
      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        5.5.5.5 [110/65] via 145.1.1.5, 00:00:55, Serial2/0

R4#show ip route ospf
      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 145.1.1.1, 00:01:21, Serial2/1
      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        5.5.5.5 [110/65] via 145.1.1.5, 00:01:21, Serial2/1

R5#show ip route ospf
     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 145.1.1.1, 00:01:49, Serial2/0
      4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 145.1.1.4, 00:01:39, Serial2/0

看能不能互相访问

R4的路由表和map表

R4#show ip route ospf
      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 145.1.1.1, 00:00:22, Serial2/0
      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        5.5.5.5 [110/65] via 145.1.1.5, 00:00:22, Serial2/0
R4#show fram
R4#show frame-relay ma
R4#show frame-relay map 
Serial2/0 (up): ip 145.1.1.1 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
R4#

不能访问，没有发出去，没有145.1.1.5的map。

R4#ping 5.5.5.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

需要手工写MAP

R4(config)#int s2/0
R4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 145.1.1.5 401 broadcast

R4ping 5.5.5.5的源ip地址是多少？，从哪个发出去，就是哪个。

开启R5调试功能

R5#debug ip packet 
IP packet debugging is on

R4 ping 5.5.5.5没有ping能但从R5上输出的调试信息可以看到源ip地址为145.1.1.4

R4#ping 5.5.5.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R5 调试信息，可以看出是R5没有到145.1.1.4的map，报文封装失败

*Apr 27 13:47:44.688: IP: s=145.1.1.4 (Serial2/0), d=5.5.5.5, len 100, rcvd 4
*Apr 27 13:47:44.688: IP: s=145.1.1.4 (Serial2/0), d=5.5.5.5, len 100, stop process pak for forus packet
*Apr 27 13:47:44.688: IP: s=5.5.5.5 (local), d=145.1.1.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, sending
*Apr 27 13:47:44.688: IP: s=5.5.5.5 (local), d=145.1.1.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, encapsulation failed

增加map映射

frame-relay map ip 145.1.1.4 501 broadcast

R4可以ping 通5.5.5.5

R4#ping 5.5.5.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!

R4下面的网络也可ping通 5.5.5.5

R4#ping 5.5.5.5 source 4.4.4.4
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 4.4.4.4 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 17/18/20 ms

更改接口类型为broadcast

自动NEI,需要选DR,需要手工MAP

P2MP NBMA

点到多点非广播，不需要手工MAP，就可以访问5.5.5.5网络

点到多点会生成直连网段32位主机路由，R4到5.5.5.5的路由会通过HUB节点进行转发。

R4#show ip route 
      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 145.1.1.1, 00:01:39, Serial2/0
      4.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        4.4.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        4.4.4.4/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        5.5.5.5 [110/129] via 145.1.1.1, 00:01:29, Serial2/0
      145.1.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks
C        145.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
O        145.1.1.1/32 [110/64] via 145.1.1.1, 00:01:39, Serial2/0
L        145.1.1.4/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0
O        145.1.1.5/32 [110/128] via 145.1.1.1, 00:01:29, Serial2/0
R4#ping 5.5.5.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 18/19/20 ms

P2MP