ruby 预定义 常量 & 变量

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Ruby Predefined Variables

Variable Name	Description
$!	The last exception object raised. The exception object can also be accessed using => in rescue clause.
$@	The stack backtrace for the last exception raised. The stack backtrace information can retrieved by Exception#backtrace method of the last exception.
$/	The input record separator (newline by default). gets, readline, etc., take their input record separator as optional argument.
$\	The output record separator (nil by default).
$,	The output separator between the arguments to print and Array#join (nil by default). You can specify separator explicitly to Array#join.
$;	The default separator for split (nil by default). You can specify separator explicitly for String#split.
$.	The number of the last line read from the current input file. Equivalent to ARGF.lineno.
$<	Synonym for ARGF.
$>	Synonym for $defout.
$0	The name of the current Ruby program being executed.
$$	The process pid of the current Ruby program being executed.
$?	The exit status of the last process terminated.
$:	Synonym for $LOAD_PATH.
$DEBUG	True if the -d or --debug command-line option is specified.
$defout	The destination output for print and printf ($stdout by default).
$F	The variable that receives the output from split when -a is specified. This variable is set if the -a command-line option is specified along with the -p or -n option.
$FILENAME	The name of the file currently being read from ARGF. Equivalent to ARGF.filename.
$LOAD_PATH	An array holding the directories to be searched when loading files with the load and require methods.
$SAFE	The security level 0 --> No checks are performed on externally supplied (tainted) data. (default) 1 --> Potentially dangerous operations using tainted data are forbidden. 2 --> Potentially dangerous operations on processes and files are forbidden. 3 --> All newly created objects are considered tainted. 4 --> Modification of global data is forbidden.
$stdin	Standard input (STDIN by default).
$stdout	Standard output (STDOUT by default).
$stderr	Standard error (STDERR by default).
$VERBOSE	True if the -v, -w, or --verbose command-line option is specified.
$- x	The value of interpreter option -x (x=0, a, d, F, i, K, l, p, v). These options are listed below
$-0	The value of interpreter option -x and alias of $/.
$-a	The value of interpreter option -x and true if option -a is set. Read-only.
$-d	The value of interpreter option -x and alias of $DEBUG
$-F	The value of interpreter option -x and alias of $;.
$-i	The value of interpreter option -x and in in-place-edit mode, holds the extension, otherwise nil. Can enable or disable in-place-edit mode.
$-I	The value of interpreter option -x and alias of $:.
$-l	The value of interpreter option -x and true if option -lis set. Read-only.
$-p	The value of interpreter option -x and true if option -pis set. Read-only.
$_	The local variable, last string read by gets or readline in the current scope.
$~	The local variable, MatchData relating to the last match. Regex#match method returns the last match information.
$ n ($1, $2, $3...)	The string matched in the nth group of the last pattern match. Equivalent to m[n], where m is a MatchData object.
$&	The string matched in the last pattern match. Equivalent to m[0], where m is a MatchData object.
$`	The string preceding the match in the last pattern match. Equivalent to m.pre_match, where m is a MatchData object.
$'	The string following the match in the last pattern match. Equivalent to m.post_match, where m is a MatchData object.
$+	The string corresponding to the last successfully matched group in the last pattern match.

Ruby Predefined Constants

Constant Name	Description
TRUE	Synonym for true.
FALSE	Synonym for false.
NIL	Synonym for nil.
ARGF	An object providing access to virtual concatenation of files passed as command-line arguments or standard input if there are no command-line arguments. A synonym for $<.
ARGV	An array containing the command-line arguments passed to the program. A synonym for $*.
DATA	An input stream for reading the lines of code following the __END__ directive. Not defined if __END__ isn't present in code.
ENV	A hash-like object containing the program's environment variables. ENV can be handled as a hash.
RUBY_PLATFORM	A string indicating the platform of the Ruby interpreter.
RUBY_RELEASE_DATE	A string indicating the release date of the Ruby interpreter
RUBY_VERSION	A string indicating the version of the Ruby interpreter.
STDERR	Standard error output stream. Default value of $stderr.
STDIN	Standard input stream. Default value of $stdin.
STDOUT	Standard output stream. Default value of $stdout.
TOPLEVEL_BINDING	A binding object at Ruby's top level.

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/xieyunzi/blog/292255