4.集成学习之2.Boosting

基于boosting思想的自适应增强方法

Adaboost最初的想法是由Robert E. Schapire在1990年提出的，这个想法叫做自适应增强方法。与Bagging相比，Boosting思想可以降低偏差。

如更新权重如下图：

我们用单一决策树建模：

## 我们用单一决策树建模：
from sklearn.ensemble import AdaBoostClassifier
tree = DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='entropy',random_state=1,max_depth=1)
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
tree = tree.fit(X_train,y_train)
y_train_pred = tree.predict(X_train)
y_test_pred = tree.predict(X_test)
tree_train = accuracy_score(y_train,y_train_pred)
tree_test = accuracy_score(y_test,y_test_pred)
print('Decision tree train/test accuracies %.3f/%.3f' % (tree_train,tree_test))

输出结果

我们使用Adaboost集成建模：

## 我们使用Adaboost集成建模：
ada = AdaBoostClassifier(base_estimator=tree,n_estimators=500,learning_rate=0.1,random_state=1)
ada = ada.fit(X_train,y_train)
y_train_pred = ada.predict(X_train)
y_test_pred = ada.predict(X_test)
ada_train = accuracy_score(y_train,y_train_pred)
ada_test = accuracy_score(y_test,y_test_pred)
print('Adaboost train/test accuracies %.3f/%.3f' % (ada_train,ada_test))

输出结果

我们观察下Adaboost与决策树的异同：

## 我们观察下Adaboost与决策树的异同
x_min = X_train[:, 0].min() - 1
x_max = X_train[:, 0].max() + 1
y_min = X_train[:, 1].min() - 1
y_max = X_train[:, 1].max() + 1
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, 0.1),np.arange(y_min, y_max, 0.1))
f, axarr = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2,sharex='col',sharey='row',figsize=(12, 6))
for idx, clf, tt in zip([0, 1],[tree, ada],['Decision tree', 'Adaboost']):
    clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
    Z = clf.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
    Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
    axarr[idx].contourf(xx, yy, Z, alpha=0.3)
    axarr[idx].scatter(X_train[y_train==0, 0],X_train[y_train==0, 1],c='blue', marker='^')
    axarr[idx].scatter(X_train[y_train==1, 0],X_train[y_train==1, 1],c='red', marker='o')
    axarr[idx].set_title(tt)
axarr[0].set_ylabel('Alcohol', fontsize=12)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.text(0, -0.2,s='OD280/OD315 of diluted wines',ha='center',va='center',fontsize=12,transform=axarr[1].transAxes)
plt.show()

输出结果

从结果图看起来，Adaboost决策边界比单层决策树复杂得多！