配置基于前缀的BGP ORF示例

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配置基于前缀的BGP ORF功能后可以实现路由的按需发布。

组网需求

如图1所示，DeviceA和DeviceB都属于AS100，DeviceC、DeviceD和DeviceE都属于AS200。DeviceA需要DeviceC只发送符合DeviceA入口策略的路由，但是DeviceC不想单独为DeviceA维护一个出口策略，这时可以配置基于前缀的BGP ORF功能。

图1 配置基于前缀的BGP ORF功能基本组网图

本例中interface1，interface2，interface3分别代表GE0/1/0，GE0/2/0，GE0/3/0。

配置思路

采用如下的思路配置基于前缀的BGP ORF：

在DeviceA和DeviceC之间建立EBGP邻居；在DeviceA和DeviceB之间建立IBGP邻居；在DeviceC和DeviceD、DeviceC和DeviceE之间建立IBGP邻居。

在DeviceA上应用基于前缀的入口过滤，在DeviceA和DeviceC上分别使能基于前缀的BGP ORF能力。

数据准备

为完成此配置例，需准备如下的数据：

DeviceA和DeviceB的Router ID分别是1.1.1.1、2.2.2.2，所在AS号是100。

DeviceC、DeviceD和DeviceE的Router ID分别是3.3.3.3、4.4.4.4、5.5.5.5，所在AS号是200。

操作步骤
  1. 配置各接口的IP地址

参照图1，配置各接口的IP地址，具体配置过程请参考后面的配置文件。

  1. 配置BGP邻居

# 配置DeviceA。

[~DeviceA] bgp 100

[*DeviceA-bgp] router-id 1.1.1.1

[*DeviceA-bgp] peer 10.2.1.1 as-number 100

[*DeviceA-bgp] peer 10.1.1.2 as-number 200

[*DeviceA-bgp] ipv4-family unicast

[*DeviceA-bgp-af-ipv4] import-route direct

[*DeviceA-bgp-af-ipv4] quit

[*DeviceA-bgp] commit

[~DeviceA-bgp] quit

# 配置DeviceB。

[~DeviceB] bgp 100

[*DeviceB-bgp] router-id 2.2.2.2

[*DeviceB-bgp] peer 10.2.1.2 as-number 100

[*DeviceB-bgp] commit

[~DeviceB-bgp] quit

# 配置DeviceC。

[~DeviceC] bgp 200

[*DeviceC-bgp] router-id 3.3.3.3

[*DeviceC-bgp] peer 10.1.1.1 as-number 100

[*DeviceC-bgp] peer 10.3.1.1 as-number 200

[*DeviceC-bgp] peer 10.4.1.1 as-number 200

[*DeviceC-bgp] ipv4-family unicast

[*DeviceC-bgp-af-ipv4] import-route direct

[*DeviceC-bgp-af-ipv4] quit

[*DeviceC-bgp] commit

[~DeviceC-bgp] quit

# 配置DeviceD。

[~DeviceD] bgp 200

[*DeviceD-bgp] router-id 4.4.4.4

[*DeviceD-bgp] peer 10.3.1.2 as-number 200

[*DeviceD-bgp] commit

[~DeviceD-bgp] quit

# 配置DeviceE。

[~DeviceE] bgp 200

[*DeviceE-bgp] router-id 5.5.5.5

[*DeviceE-bgp] peer 10.4.1.2 as-number 200

[*DeviceE-bgp] commit

[~DeviceE-bgp] quit

  1. 在DeviceA上配置基于前缀的入口过滤策略

# 配置DeviceA。

[~DeviceA] ip ip-prefix 1 index 10 permit 10.3.1.0 24 less-equal 32

[*DeviceA] bgp 100

[*DeviceA-bgp] peer 10.1.1.2 ip-prefix 1 import

[*DeviceA-bgp] commit

[~DeviceA-bgp] quit

# 在DeviceC上查看路由发送情况。

[~DeviceC] display bgp routing-table peer 10.1.1.1 advertised-routes

 BGP Local router ID is 3.3.3.3

 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,

               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale

               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V - valid, I - invalid, N - not-found

 Total Number of Routes: 7

      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   3.3.3.3/32         10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.1.1.0/30        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.1.1.1/32        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.3.1.0/30        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.3.1.1/32        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.4.1.0/30        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.4.1.1/32        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

# 在DeviceA上查看路由接收情况。

[~DeviceA] display bgp routing-table peer 10.1.1.2 received-routes

 BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1

 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,

               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale

               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V - valid, I - invalid, N - not-found

 Total Number of Routes: 2

      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.3.1.0/30        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.3.1.1/32        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

未使能基于前缀的BGP ORF功能时，DeviceC发送了7条路由，而DeviceA基于前缀列表的入口策略对DeviceC发送的7条路由进行过滤，只接收了2条路由。

  1. 使能基于前缀的BGP ORF功能

# 在DeviceA上使能基于前缀的BGP ORF功能。

[~DeviceA] bgp 100

[*DeviceA-bgp] peer 10.1.1.2 capability-advertise orf ip-prefix both

[*DeviceA-bgp] commit

[~DeviceA-bgp] quit

# 在DeviceC上使能基于前缀的BGP ORF功能。

[~DeviceC] bgp 200

[*DeviceC-bgp] peer 10.1.1.1 capability-advertise orf ip-prefix both

[*DeviceC-bgp] commit

[~DeviceC-bgp] quit

  1. 验证配置结果

# 在DeviceA查看基于前缀的BGP ORF协商信息。

[~DeviceA] display bgp peer 10.1.1.2 verbose

                                                                                

         BGP Peer is 10.1.1.2,  remote AS 200                                   

         Type: EBGP link                                                        

         BGP version 4, Remote router ID 3.3.3.3                                

         Update-group ID: 1                                                     

         BGP current state: Established, Up for 00h00m01s                       

         BGP current event: RecvRouteRefresh                                    

         BGP last state: OpenConfirm                                            

         BGP Peer Up count: 2                                                   

         Received total routes: 0                                               

         Received active routes total: 0                                        

         Advertised total routes: 5                                             

         Port:  Local - 179      Remote - 54545                                 

         Configured: Active Hold Time: 180 sec   Keepalive Time:60 sec          

         Received  : Active Hold Time: 180 sec                                  

         Negotiated: Active Hold Time: 180 sec   Keepalive Time:60 sec          

         Peer optional capabilities:                                            

         Peer supports bgp multi-protocol extension                             

         Peer supports bgp route refresh capability                             

         Peer supports bgp outbound route filter capability                     

         Support Address-Prefix: IPv4-UNC address-family, rfc-compatible, both  

         Peer supports bgp 4-byte-as capability                                 

         Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received                   

 Received: Total 3 messages                                                     

                  Update messages                1                              

                  Open messages                  1                              

                  KeepAlive messages             1                              

                  Notification messages          0                              

                  Refresh messages               1                              

 Sent: Total 9 messages                                                         

                  Update messages                5                              

                  Open messages                  2                              

                  KeepAlive messages             1                              

                  Notification messages          0                              

                  Refresh messages               1                              

 Authentication type configured: None                                           

 Last keepalive received: 2012-03-06 19:17:37 UTC-8:00

 Last keepalive sent    : 2012-03-06 19:17:37 UTC-8:00

 Last update    received: 2012-03-06 19:17:43 UTC-8:00

 Last update    sent    : 2012-03-06 19:17:37 UTC-8:00                         

 Minimum route advertisement interval is 30 seconds                             

 Optional capabilities:                                                         

 Route refresh capability has been enabled                                      

 Outbound route filter capability has been enabled                              

 Enable Address-Prefix: IPv4-UNC address-family, rfc-compatible, both           

 4-byte-as capability has been enabled                                          

 Multi-hop ebgp has been enabled                                                

 Peer Preferred Value: 0                                                        

 Routing policy configured:                                                     

 No import update filter list                                                   

 No export update filter list                                                   

 Import prefix list is: 1                                                       

 No export prefix list                                                          

 No import route policy                                                         

 No export route policy                                                         

 No import distribute policy                                                    

 No export distribute policy                                                    

# 在DeviceC上查看路由发送情况。

[~DeviceC] display bgp routing-table peer 10.1.1.1 advertised-routes

 BGP Local router ID is 3.3.3.3

 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,

               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale

               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V - valid, I - invalid, N - not-found

 Total Number of Routes: 2

      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.3.1.0/30        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.3.1.1/32        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

# 在DeviceA上查看路由接收情况。

[~A] display bgp routing-table peer 10.1.1.2 received-routes

 BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1

 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,

               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale

               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V - valid, I - invalid, N - not-found

 Total Number of Routes: 2

      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.3.1.0/30        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

 *>   10.3.1.1/32        10.1.1.2        0                     0      200?

使能基于前缀的BGP ORF功能后，DeviceC按照DeviceA基于前缀列表的入口策略只发送了2条路由，DeviceA也只接收了这2条路由。

配置文件

DeviceA的配置文件

#                                                                               

sysname RouterA                                                                

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0                                                              

 ip address 10.2.1.2 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1                                                              

 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface LoopBack1                                                             

 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255                                             

#                                                                               

bgp 100                                                                         

 router-id 1.1.1.1                                                              

 peer 10.1.1.2 as-number 200                                                    

 peer 10.2.1.1 as-number 100                                                    

 #                                                                              

 ipv4-family unicast                                                            

  undo synchronization                                                          

  import-route direct                                                           

  peer 10.1.1.2 enable                                                          

  peer 10.1.1.2 ip-prefix 1 import                                              

  peer 10.1.1.2 capability-advertise orf ip-prefix both                         

  peer 10.2.1.1 enable                                                          

#                                                                               

 ip ip-prefix 1 index 10 permit 10.3.1.0 24 greater-equal 24 less-equal 32      

#                                                                               

return                                                                          

DeviceB的配置文件

#                                                                               

sysname RouterB                                                                

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0                                                              

 ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface LoopBack1                                                             

 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255                                             

#                                                                               

bgp 100                                                                         

 router-id 2.2.2.2                                                              

 peer 10.2.1.2 as-number 100                                                    

 #                                                                              

 ipv4-family unicast                                                            

  undo synchronization                                                          

  peer 10.2.1.2 enable                                                          

#                                                                               

return                                                                          

DeviceC的配置文件

#                                                                               

sysname RouterC                                                                

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0                                                              

 ip address 10.3.1.2 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1                                                              

 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/3                                                              

 ip address 10.4.1.2 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface LoopBack1                                                             

 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255                                             

#                                                                               

bgp 200                                                                         

 router-id 3.3.3.3                                                              

 peer 10.1.1.1 as-number 100                                                    

 peer 10.3.1.1 as-number 200                                                    

 peer 10.4.1.1 as-number 200                                                    

 #                                                                              

 ipv4-family unicast                                                            

  undo synchronization                                                          

  import-route direct                                                           

  peer 10.1.1.1 enable                                                          

  peer 10.1.1.1 capability-advertise orf ip-prefix both                         

  peer 10.3.1.1 enable                                                          

  peer 10.4.1.1 enable                                                          

#                                                                               

return                                                                          

DeviceD的配置文件

#                                                                               

sysname RouterD                                                                

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/0                                                              

 ip address 10.3.1.1 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface LoopBack1                                                             

 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255                                             

#                                                                               

bgp 200                                                                         

 router-id 4.4.4.4                                                              

 peer 10.3.1.2 as-number 200                                                    

 #                                                                              

 ipv4-family unicast                                                            

  undo synchronization                                                          

  peer 10.3.1.2 enable                                                          

#                                                                               

return                                                                          

DeviceE的配置文件

#                                                                               

sysname RouterE                                                                

#                                                                               

interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1                                                              

 ip address 10.4.1.1 255.255.255.252                                            

#                                                                               

interface LoopBack1                                                             

 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255                                             

#                                                                               

bgp 200                                                                         

 router-id 5.5.5.5                                                              

 peer 10.4.1.2 as-number 200                                                    

 #                                                                              

 ipv4-family unicast                                                            

  undo synchronization                                                          

  peer 10.4.1.2 enable                                                          

#                                                                               

return                                                           

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以下是一份详细的ORF安装配置指南： 1. **安装过程**： - 下载ORF Enterprise Edition的安装文件，运行安装向导。 - 指定ORF的安装路径，可以选择默认或自定义位置。 - 设定程序在开始菜单的文件夹位置。 - ...
优化BGP路由：ORF实现精细化控制
配置步骤包括设置BGP邻居关系、关闭自动汇总和同步，然后定义网络通告，以及启用BGP ORF来指定接受特定前缀的路由。 具体操作如下： 1. 在AS100路由器上，配置BGP，设定远程AS号，并通告网络61.1.1.0/24至61.1.4.0/...
1 + X 传感网 中级 | 任务五 Wifi通信实践
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本文摘要介绍了Wi-Fi接入云平台实践中的关键内容：1. 提供WiFi通信设备数据链路图绘制要求；2. 详细分析了5种常见串口错误代码（-1至-5）的成因及解决方案，包括工作模式设置、热点配置、服务器连接、数据发送和握手异常等问题；3. 基于TCP协议的设备接入流程，通过实践案例解析了连接请求、连接响应、数据上报及响应等四种报文格式，包含设备认证、状态码说明、数据类型定义和消息序列机制。文中还提供了AT指令示例、硬件检查要点和错误处理流程，为物联网设备云平台接入提供了完整的技术参考。
ospf路由协议单区域
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1.路由器 OSPF 进程刚启动、物理链路未连通或邻居设备未启动 OSPF 进程为Down状态2.当路由器（如 RTB）接收到邻居（如 RTA）发送的 Hello 报文，且在该报文的邻居列表中未检测到自身 Router ID 时，该路由器会将对应邻居的状态标记为 Init。
C++有一些流行的网络框架，比如Boost.Asio、libhv、cpp-httplib、libcurl。这些框架各有各的优点。
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2402_84408069的博客
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HEI-612：工业协议转换的全能网关，让设备通信更简单高效
qpydaniu的博客
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HEI-612工业网关突破HART与工业以太网协议壁垒，实现HART与EtherNet/IP/ModbusTCP双向数据交换。支持单点/多点通信模式，单点模式兼容4-20mA+HART信号，多点模式最多连接15台设备。具备127条HART命令处理能力，支持多种触发方式，工作温度-40℃~60℃。通过HI-123配置软件实现可视化调试，兼容主流工业软件，内置IP冲突检测等功能。该网关简化工业设备联网，提升通信可靠性，适用于流程工业数据采集和智能制造设备联动场景。
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