TMMI_测试过程改进框架_管理级别5_测试计划_1_SG/SP

本文阐述了测试计划的目的、过程及关键实践，旨在定义基于风险的测试策略，建立测试计划并获取利益相关者的承诺。

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PA 2.2 Test Planning

Purpose 目的

The purpose of Test Planning is to define a test approach based on the identified risks and the defined test strategy, and to establish and maintain well-founded plans for performing and managing the testing activities.

测试计划的目的是定义基于已经明确的风险和已经定义的测试策略的测试方法。并且建立和维护有充分依据的计划来执行和管理测试活动。

Introductory Notes 简介

After confirmation of the test assignment, an overall study is carried out regarding the product to be tested, the project organization, the requirements, and the development process. As part of Test Planning, the test approach is defined based on the outcome of a product risk assessment and the defined test strategy. Depending on the priority and category of risks, it is decided which requirements of the product will be tested, to what degree, how and when. The objective is to provide the best possible coverage to the parts of the system with the highest risk. Based on the test approach the work to be done is estimated and as a result the proposed test approach is provided with clear cost information. The product risks, test approach and estimates are defined in close co-operation with the stakeholders rather than by the testing team alone. The test plan will comply, or explain non-compliances, with the test strategy. Within Test Planning, the test deliverables that are to be provided are identified, the resources that are needed are determined, and aspects relating to infrastructure are defined. In addition, test project risks regarding testing are identified. As a result the test plan will define what testing is required, when, how and by whom. Finally, the test plan document is developed and agreed to by the stakeholders. The test plan provides the basis for performing and controlling the testing activities. The test plan will usually need to be revised, using a formal change control process, as the project progresses to address changes in the requirements and commitments, inaccurate estimates, corrective actions, and (test) process changes.

在确认了测试分配以后，一个全面的学习被执行，这个学习关系到测试产品，项目管理，需求，开发流程。作为测试计划的一部分，测试方法被定义，测试方法是基于产品风险评估的输出和已定义的测试策略。依赖于风险的优先级和分类。它决定了哪些产品的需求将被测试，测试到什么程度。如何测试，什么时候测试。目的是提供尽可能为高风险部分的系统提供覆盖率。基于测试方法，测试工作量被评估。测试方法同上提供了一个清晰的消耗信息。产品风险，测试方法和评估被利益相关人合作定义，而不是测试团队单独定义。测试计划是准守测试策略的。根据测试计划，提供测试交付物被确认，需要的资源被决定，和基础框架关联的东东被定义。另外，关于测试的测试项目风险被验证。结果，测试计划将会定义需要测试上面，什么时候测试，如何测试，谁测试，最后，产生测试计划文档并且被所有利益相关人同意。测试计划提供执行和控制测试行为的基本原则。测试计划通常需要修正，使用常用的改变控制流程，项目进度来追踪需求和承诺，不正确的评估，纠正的行为，测试流程修改。

Scope 范围

The process area Test Planning involves performing a product risk assessment on the test object and defining a differentiated test approach based on the risks identified. It also involves developing estimates for the testing to be performed, establishing necessary commitments, and defining and maintaining the plan to guide and manage the testing. A test plan is required for each identified test level. At TMMi level 2 test plans are typically developed per test level. At TMMi level 3, within the process area Test Lifecycle and Integration, the master test plan is introduced as one of its goals.

过程域测试计划包括执行对测试目标进行产品风险评估和基于风险验证而定义不同的测试方法。它同时包含了对测试的评估，建立必要的承诺。定义和维护计划来引导和管理测试。每一个测试等级都需要测试计划。在TMMI2，测试计划作为一个过程域出现，在TMMI3中，作为测试生命周期和集成中的一个指标目标出现，主测试计划被引入作为它的一个目标。