df:显示磁盘使用情况
[root@node01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 97G 770M 91G 1% /
tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 28M 157M 15% /boot
du:显示文件系统使用情况
[root@node01 ~]# du -h /etc/
4.0K /etc/gcrypt
28K /etc/iproute2
8.0K /etc/dbus-1/system.d
12K /etc/dbus-1
12K /etc/default
4.0K /etc/opt
4.0K /etc/terminfo
96K /etc/pam.d
4.0K /etc/popt.d
60K /etc/init
144K /etc/makedev.d
8.0K /etc/cron.daily
16K /etc/skel
20K /etc/yum.repos.d
ls:显示目录
-:普通文件(f)
d:目录文件
b:块设备文件(block)
c:字符设备文件(character)
l:符号链接文件(symbolic link file)
p:命令管道文件(pipe)
s:套接字文件(socket)
文件权限:9位,每3位一组,3组 权限(u,g,o)每一组:rwx(可读可写可执行)
ls -a:显示隐藏目录
[root@node01 /]# ls -a
. .autofsck boot etc lib lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
.. bin dev home lib64 media opt root selinux sys usr
ls -l:长链表显示
[root@node01 /]# ls -l
total 90
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jan 9 23:34 bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 Jan 9 23:34 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 3700 Jan 10 04:34 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 61 root root 4096 Jan 10 04:34 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 home
dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 Jan 9 23:34 lib
dr-xr-xr-x. 9 root root 12288 Jan 9 23:34 lib64
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jan 9 23:33 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 86 root root 0 Jan 10 04:34 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jan 9 23:45 root
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 12288 Jan 9 23:34 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 0 Jan 10 04:34 selinux
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 srv
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jan 10 04:34 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 4096 Jan 10 05:27 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Jan 9 23:33 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 17 root root 4096 Jan 9 23:33 var
cd:切换工作目录
pwd:显示当前工作目录
[root@node01 etc]# pwd
/etc
mkdir:创建目录
[root@node01 ~]# mkdir x y
[root@node01 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
[root@node01 ~]#
mkdir -p a/b/c 创建a里有b,b有c
[root@node01 ~]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@node01 ~]# tree a
a
└── b
└── c
2 directories, 0 files
mkdir x/{aa,bb,cc}dir
[root@node01 ~]# mkdir x/{aa,bb,cc}dir
[root@node01 x]# ls
aadir bbdir ccdir
rm:删除
rm -rf 文件
[root@node01 ~]# ls
a anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
[root@node01 ~]# rm -rf a
[root@node01 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
cp:拷贝
cp直接拷贝文件
[root@node01 ~]# ls
123 anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
[root@node01 ~]# cp anaconda-ks.cfg 123
[root@node01 ~]# cd 123
[root@node01 123]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
cp -r x y(拷贝目录)
[root@node01 ~]# ls
123 anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
[root@node01 ~]# cp x y
cp: omitting directory `x'
[root@node01 ~]# cp -r x y
[root@node01 ~]# ls
123 anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
[root@node01 ~]# cd y
[root@node01 y]# ls
x
mv:移动文件 重命名文件
[root@node01 ~]# ls
123 anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
[root@node01 ~]# mv 123 123.bak
[root@node01 ~]# ls
123.bak anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog x y
ln:硬链接
[root@node01 ~]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 10 06:11 123.bak
-rw-------. 1 root root 900 Jan 9 23:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8815 Jan 9 23:34 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3384 Jan 9 23:34 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1796 Jan 10 06:13 profile
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jan 10 06:01 x
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jan 10 06:08 y
[root@node01 ~]# ln profile abc
[root@node01 ~]# ll
total 36
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 10 06:11 123.bak
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 1796 Jan 10 06:13 abc
-rw-------. 1 root root 900 Jan 9 23:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8815 Jan 9 23:34 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3384 Jan 9 23:34 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 1796 Jan 10 06:13 profile
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Jan 10 06:01 x
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jan 10 06:08 y
touch:创建一个文件
[root@node01 ~]# touch wangle
[root@node01 ~]# ls
123.bak abc anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog profile wangle x y