从产品手册用户心理学分析到程序可用性与易用性的重要区别

注：机翻，未校对。

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Designing for People Who Have Better Things To Do With Their Lives

为那些生活中有更重要事情要做的人设计

When you design user interfaces, it’s a good idea to keep two principles in mind:
在设计用户界面时，最好牢记两个原则：

1. Users don’t have the manual, and if they did, they wouldn’t read it.
   用户没有手册，如果他们有，他们就不会阅读它。

2. In fact, users can’t read anything, and if they could, they wouldn’t want to.
   事实上，用户无法阅读任何东西，如果他们可以阅读，他们也不会想要。

These are not, strictly speaking, facts, but you should act as if they are facts, for it will make your program easier and friendlier. Designing with these ideas in mind is called respecting the user, which means, not having much respect for the user. Confused? Let me explain.
严格来说，这些都不是事实，但你应该把它们当作事实来对待，因为它会让你的程序更容易、更友好。考虑到这些想法进行设计被称为尊重用户，这意味着对用户没有太多的尊重。困惑？让我解释一下。

What does it mean to make something easy to use? One way to measure this is to see what percentage of real-world users are able to complete tasks in a given amount of time. For example, suppose the goal of your program is to allow people to convert digital camera photos into a web photo album. If you sit down a group of average users with your program and ask them all to complete this task, then the more usable your program is, the higher the percentage of users that will be able to successfully create a web photo album. To be scientific about it, imagine 100 real world users. They are not necessarily familiar with computers. They have many diverse talents, but some of them distinctly do not have talents in the computer area. Some of them are being distracted while they try to use your program. The phone is ringing. WHAT? The baby is crying. WHAT? And the cat keeps jumping on the desk and batting around the mouse. I CAN’T HEAR YOU!
让一些东西易于使用意味着什么？衡量这一点的一种方法是查看现实世界用户在给定时间内能够完成任务的百分比。例如，假设程序的目标是允许人们将数码相机照片转换为网络相册。如果您让一组普通用户坐下来使用您的程序并要求他们全部完成此任务，那么您的程序的可用性越高，能够成功创建网络相册的用户百分比就越高。为了科学起见，想象一下 100 个现实世界的用户。他们不一定熟悉计算机。他们有许多不同的才能，但其中一些人显然没有计算机领域的才能。他们中的一些人在尝试使用您的程序时会分心。电话响了。什么？宝宝在哭。什么？猫不停地在桌子上跳来跳去，在老鼠周围拍打。我听不见！

Now, even without going through with this experiment, I can state with some confidence that some of the users will simply fail to complete the task, or will take an extraordinary amount of time doing it. I don’t mean to say that these users are stupid. Quite the contrary, they are probably highly intelligent, or maybe they are accomplished athletes, but vis-à-vis your program, they are just not applying all of their motor skills and brain cells to the usage of your program. You’re only getting about 30% of their attention, so you have to make do with a user wh