code和const的区别

本文解释了编程中Code和Const的定义与应用区别,重点在于理解它们如何影响对象的存储位置及可修改性。

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code和const的区别。

用code声明的对象会被编译器安排在ROM中,而ROM通常是只读的,无法更改。用const声明的对象可能会被安排在ROM中,但也可能在RAM中。如果在ROM中,当然不能修改了;如果在RAM中,理论上仍然可以修改,只是编译器不允许你去修改而已。const对象只能在声明时初始化一次

填充下面这个程序中所有出现// TODO: fill the code这个任务的地方#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "ourstring.h" #include "strlib.h" using namespace std; OurString::OurString(){ // TODO: fill the code } OurString::OurString(const char *str){ // TODO: fill the code } OurString::OurString(const OurString &dstr){ // TODO: fill the code } OurString::~OurString(){ // TODO: fill the code } string OurString::toString() const{ // TODO: fill the code } OurString OurString::subStr(unsigned int start, unsigned int n) const{ // TODO: fill the code } bool OurString::operator > (const OurString &dstr) const{ // TODO: fill the code } bool OurString::operator < (const OurString &dstr) const{ // TODO: fill the code } bool OurString::operator == (const OurString &dstr) const{ // TODO: fill the code } unsigned int OurString::length () const{ // TODO: fill the code } const OurString& OurString::operator = (const OurString &dstr){ // TODO: fill the code } const OurString& OurString::operator = (const char *str){ // TODO: fill the code } char& OurString::operator[](int index){ // TODO: fill the code } const OurString OurString::operator + (const OurString &dstr) const{ // TODO: fill the code } const OurString OurString::operator + (const char *str) const{ // TODO: fill the code } const OurString& OurString::operator += (const OurString &dstr){ // TODO: fill the code } const OurString& OurString::operator += (const char *str){ // TODO: fill the code } ostream & operator<<(ostream &os, const OurString &dstr){ // TODO: fill the code } istream & operator>>(istream &is, OurString &dstr){ // TODO: fill the code }
05-29
### Define vs Const in Programming Languages Usage and Differences In various programming languages, `define` (or similar constructs like `#define`) and `const` serve distinct purposes related to defining constants or immutable values. #### Use of Define The use of `define`, particularly within C-like languages including C++ and Objective-C, involves preprocessor directives. When using `#define`, one creates macros that replace occurrences with specified text during preprocessing before compilation begins. Macros do not reserve memory space; they merely substitute code at compile time[^1]. For instance: ```c #define PI 3.141592653589793 ``` This line defines a macro named `PI`. Every occurrence of `PI` gets replaced directly by the value provided when compiling the source file containing this directive. #### Characteristics of Using Define - **No Type Safety**: Since these definitions get expanded into literal replacements prior to actual parsing, no type checking occurs. - **Global Scope By Default**: Unless explicitly scoped otherwise through conditional compilation techniques, all such definitions have global visibility throughout files where included. #### Utilization of Const Conversely, employing `const` allows declaration of constant variables whose assigned values cannot change post-initial assignment unless specifically allowed via mutable specifiers or pointers manipulating underlying data structures indirectly[^2]. Unlike `#define`, declaring something as `const` reserves storage space for holding those fixed entities while enforcing stricter rules around modification attempts. Example demonstrating usage in JavaScript context: ```javascript const MAX_SIZE = 10; // Attempting reassignment would result in error MAX_SIZE = 20; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable. ``` Or in Go language syntax: ```go const Pi float64 = 3.141592653589793 ``` Here, attempting any alteration results immediately in compiler errors preventing accidental changes later on. #### Key Distinctions Between Define and Const | Aspect | Define (`#define`) | Const | |----------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Memory Allocation | No dedicated memory allocation since it’s just textual substitution | Allocates memory depending upon implementation details | | Type Checking | Lacks inherent support | Enforced strictly based on declared types | | Visibility | Generally globally visible | Can follow scoping rules according to block structure | --related questions-- 1. What scenarios favor utilizing `#define` over `const`? 2. How does the concept of immutability apply differently across multiple programming paradigms? 3. Are there performance implications associated with choosing between `#define` versus `const` declarations? 4. In what ways might misuse of either construct lead to potential bugs or maintenance challenges down the road? 5. Which modern programming practices advocate more strongly towards preferring `const` over traditional macro definitions? Note: The explanation integrates insights relevant to both procedural and object-oriented contexts without referencing specific citations beyond initial setup instructions.
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