langchain pip install langchain_chroma 安装，C编译器错误解决

错误信息：

error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.
(.venv) PS D:\inspur\code\damoxing\codeDemo> pip install langchain_chroma
Collecting langchain_chroma
  Using cached langchain_chroma-0.2.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.3 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: langchain-core!=0.3.0,!=0.3.1,!=0.3.10,!=0.3.11,!=0.3.12,!=0.3.13,!=0.3.14,!=0.3.2,!=0.3.3,!=0.3.4,!=0.3.5,!=0.3.6,!=0.3.7,!=0.3.8,!=0.3.9,<0.4.0,>=0.2.43 in d:\inspur\code\damoxing\codedemo\.venv\lib\site-packages (from langchain_chroma) (0.3.40)
Collecting numpy<2.0.0,>=1.26.2 (from langchain_chroma)
  Using cached numpy-1.26.4.tar.gz (15.8 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [21 lines of output]
      + D:\inspur\code\damoxing\codeDemo\.venv\Scripts\python.exe C:\Users\****\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ohl6e9mq\numpy_0657206d671c40f883815c67a9f7fcd5\vendored-meson\meson\mes
on.py setup C:\Users\*****\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ohl6e9mq\numpy_0657206d671c40f883815c67a9f7fcd5 C:\Users\****\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ohl6e9mq\numpy_0657206d671c4
0f883815c67a9f7fcd5\.mesonpy-4vtbnt6k -Dbuildtype=release -Db_ndebug=if-release -Db_vscrt=md --native-file=C:\Users\*****\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ohl6e9mq\numpy_0657206d671c40f883815c67a9f7fcd5\.mesonpy-4vtbnt6k\meson-python-native-file.ini
      The Meson build system
      Version: 1.2.99
      Source dir: C:\Users\*****\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ohl6e9mq\numpy_0657206d671c40f883815c67a9f7fcd5
      Build dir: C:\Users\*****\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ohl6e9mq\numpy_0657206d671c40f883815c67a9f7fcd5\.mesonpy-4vtbnt6k
      Project name: NumPy
      Project version: 1.26.4
      WARNING: Failed to activate VS environment: Could not parse vswhere.exe output

      ..\meson.build:1:0: ERROR: Unknown compiler(s): [['icl'], ['cl'], ['cc'], ['gcc'], ['clang'], ['clang-cl'], ['pgcc']]
      The following exception(s) were encountered:
      Running `icl ""` gave "[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。"
      Running `cl /?` gave "[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。"
      Running `cc --version` gave "[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。"
      Running `gcc --version` gave "[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。"
      Running `clang --version` gave "[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。"
      Running `clang-cl /?` gave "[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。"
      Running `pgcc --version` gave "[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。"

      A full log can be found at C:\Users\****\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-ohl6e9mq\numpy_0657206d671c40f883815c67a9f7fcd5\.mesonpy-4vtbnt6k\meson-logs\meson-log.txt
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

问题是由于缺少编译器导致的。错误信息显示系统找不到指定的编译器文件，包括icl、cl、cc、gcc、clang、clang-cl和pgcc。这通常发生在尝试编译需要C扩展的Python包（如NumPy）时。

解决这个问题需要安装一个C编译器。对于Windows系统，最常用的选择是安装Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools。

下载地址：

Microsoft C++ Build Tools - Visual Studio

打开了Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools的下载页面。手动完成以下步骤：

在打开的网页中，点击"Download Build Tools"按钮
运行下载的安装程序
在安装界面中，确保勾选了以下工作负载：
"Desktop development with C++"
在右侧的"Optional"部分，确保勾选了"MSVC v143 - VS 2022 C++ x64/x86 build tools"和"Windows 11 SDK"
点击安装并等待安装完成

重新执行

pip install langchain_chroma