20120311-关于sbit

本文详细解释了C51编程语言中bit与sbit变量类型的使用方法及区别。bit适用于一般的布尔变量,而sbit用于指定特殊功能寄存器中的可寻址位。介绍了sbit的三种定义方式,并说明了其在硬件编程中的应用场景。
 

  定义特殊功能寄存器的位变量。

  bit和sbit都是C51扩展的变量类型。

  典型应用是:sbit P0_0=P0^0;//即定义P0_0为P0口的第1位,以便进行位操作。

  bit和int char之类的差不多,只不过char=8位, bit=1位而已。都是变量,编译器在编译过程中分配地址。除非你指定,否则这个地址是随机的。这个地址是整个可寻址空间,RAM+FLASH+扩展空间。bit只有0和1两种值,意义有点像Windows下VC中的BOOL。

 

  sbit是对应可位寻址空间的一个位,可位寻址区:20H~2FH。一旦用了sbit xxx = REGE^6这样的定义,这个sbit量就确定地址了。sbit大部分是用在寄存器中的,方便对寄存器的某位进行操作的。

 

  在C语言里,如果直接写P1.0,C编译器并不能识别,而且P1.0也不是一个合法的C语言变量名,所以得给它另起一个名字,这里起的名为P1_0,可是P1_0是不是就是P1.0呢?你这么认为,C编译器可不这么认为,所以必须给它们建立联系,这里使用了Keil C的关键字sbit来定义,sbit的用法有三种:

  第一种方法:sbit 位变量名=地址值

  第二种方法:sbit 位变量名=SFR名称^变量位地址值

  第三种方法:sbit 位变量名=SFR地址值^变量位地址值

  如定义PSW中的OV可以用以下三种方法:

  sbit OV=0xd2 (1)说明:0xd2是OV的位地址值

  sbit OV=PSW^2 (2)说明:其中PSW必须先用sfr定义好

  sbit OV=0xD0^2 (3)说明:0xD0就是PSW的地址值

  因此这里用sfr P1_0=P1^0;就是定义用符号P1_0来表示P1.0引脚,如果你愿意也可以起P10一类的名字,只要下面程序中也随之更改就行了。

 

  bit和sbit都是C51扩展的变量类型。

  sbit 要在最外面定义,就是说必须定义成外部变量.sbit定义的是SFR(特殊功能寄存器)的bit

  sbit更像是类型定义,不像是变量定义。

  sbit: 只是说明性说明

  bit 可以在外部或内部定义。

  bit和int char之类的差不多,只不过char=8位, bit="1位而已"。都是变量,编译器在编译过程中分配地址。除非你指定,否则这个地址是随机的。这个地址是整个可寻址空间,RAM+FLASH+扩展空间。bit只有0和1两种值,意义有点像Windows下VC中的BOOL。

  bit是编译器在的可寻址区分配的一个位变量,是不定的,不是绝对地址目标。

  所有可位寻址的位都可由sbit指定,这包括可位寻址区和SFR中的位。

  sbit是对应可位寻址空间的一个位,可位寻址区:20H~2FH。一旦用了sbi xxx = REGE^6这样的定义,这个sbit量就确定地址了。sbit大部分是用在寄存器中的,方便对寄存器的某位进行操作的。

  sbit位寄存器是可位寻址的绝对地址目标,定义后编译器是不会改变位置的。

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------- AT89X52.H Header file for the low voltage Flash Atmel AT89C52 and AT89LV52. Copyright (c) 1988-2002 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc. All rights reserved. --------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #ifndef __AT89X52_H__ #define __AT89X52_H__ /*------------------------------------------------ Byte Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sfr P0 = 0x80; sfr SP = 0x81; sfr DPL = 0x82; sfr DPH = 0x83; sfr PCON = 0x87; sfr TCON = 0x88; sfr TMOD = 0x89; sfr TL0 = 0x8A; sfr TL1 = 0x8B; sfr TH0 = 0x8C; sfr TH1 = 0x8D; sfr P1 = 0x90; sfr SCON = 0x98; sfr SBUF = 0x99; sfr P2 = 0xA0; sfr IE = 0xA8; sfr P3 = 0xB0; sfr IP = 0xB8; sfr T2CON = 0xC8; sfr T2MOD = 0xC9; sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA; sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB; sfr TL2 = 0xCC; sfr TH2 = 0xCD; sfr PSW = 0xD0; sfr ACC = 0xE0; sfr B = 0xF0; /*------------------------------------------------ P0 Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P0_0 = 0x80; sbit P0_1 = 0x81; sbit P0_2 = 0x82; sbit P0_3 = 0x83; sbit P0_4 = 0x84; sbit P0_5 = 0x85; sbit P0_6 = 0x86; sbit P0_7 = 0x87; /*------------------------------------------------ PCON Bit Values ------------------------------------------------*/ #define IDL_ 0x01 #define STOP_ 0x02 #define PD_ 0x02 /* Alternate definition */ #define GF0_ 0x04 #define GF1_ 0x08 #define SMOD_ 0x80 /*------------------------------------------------ TCON Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit IT0 = 0x88; sbit IE0 = 0x89; sbit IT1 = 0x8A; sbit IE1 = 0x8B; sbit TR0 = 0x8C; sbit TF0 = 0x8D; sbit TR1 = 0x8E; sbit TF1 = 0x8F; /*------------------------------------------------ TMOD Bit Values ------------------------------------------------*/ #define T0_M0_ 0x01 #define T0_M1_ 0x02 #define T0_CT_ 0x04 #define T0_GATE_ 0x08 #define T1_M0_ 0x10 #define T1_M1_ 0x20 #define T1_CT_ 0x40 #define T1_GATE_ 0x80 #define T1_MASK_ 0xF0 #define T0_MASK_ 0x0F /*------------------------------------------------ P1 Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P1_0 = 0x90; sbit P1_1 = 0x91; sbit P1_2 = 0x92; sbit P1_3 = 0x93; sbit P1_4 = 0x94; sbit P1_5 = 0x95; sbit P1_6 = 0x96; sbit P1_7 = 0x97; sbit T2 = 0x90; /* External input to Timer/Counter 2, clock out */ sbit T2EX = 0x91; /* Timer/Counter 2 capture/reload trigger & dir ctl */ /*------------------------------------------------ SCON Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit RI = 0x98; sbit TI = 0x99; sbit RB8 = 0x9A; sbit TB8 = 0x9B; sbit REN = 0x9C; sbit SM2 = 0x9D; sbit SM1 = 0x9E; sbit SM0 = 0x9F; /*------------------------------------------------ P2 Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P2_0 = 0xA0; sbit P2_1 = 0xA1; sbit P2_2 = 0xA2; sbit P2_3 = 0xA3; sbit P2_4 = 0xA4; sbit P2_5 = 0xA5; sbit P2_6 = 0xA6; sbit P2_7 = 0xA7; /*------------------------------------------------ IE Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit EX0 = 0xA8; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 0 */ sbit ET0 = 0xA9; /* 1=Enable Timer 0 interrupt */ sbit EX1 = 0xAA; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 1 */ sbit ET1 = 0xAB; /* 1=Enable Timer 1 interrupt */ sbit ES = 0xAC; /* 1=Enable Serial port interrupt */ sbit ET2 = 0xAD; /* 1=Enable Timer 2 interrupt */ sbit EA = 0xAF; /* 0=Disable all interrupts */ /*------------------------------------------------ P3 Bit Registers (Mnemonics & Ports) ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P3_0 = 0xB0; sbit P3_1 = 0xB1; sbit P3_2 = 0xB2; sbit P3_3 = 0xB3; sbit P3_4 = 0xB4; sbit P3_5 = 0xB5; sbit P3_6 = 0xB6; sbit P3_7 = 0xB7; sbit RXD = 0xB0; /* Serial data input */ sbit TXD = 0xB1; /* Serial data output */ sbit INT0 = 0xB2; /* External interrupt 0 */ sbit INT1 = 0xB3; /* External interrupt 1 */ sbit T0 = 0xB4; /* Timer 0 external input */ sbit T1 = 0xB5; /* Timer 1 external input */ sbit WR = 0xB6; /* External data memory write strobe */ sbit RD = 0xB7; /* External data memory read strobe */ /*------------------------------------------------ IP Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit PX0 = 0xB8; sbit PT0 = 0xB9; sbit PX1 = 0xBA; sbit PT1 = 0xBB; sbit PS = 0xBC; sbit PT2 = 0xBD; /*------------------------------------------------ P3 Bit Registers (Mnemonics & Ports) ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P4_0 = 0xC0; sbit P4_1 = 0xC1; sbit P4_2 = 0xC2; sbit P4_3 = 0xC3; sbit P4_4 = 0xC4; sbit P4_5 = 0xC5; sbit P4_6 = 0xC6; sbit P4_7 = 0xC7; /*------------------------------------------------ T2CON Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit CP_RL2= 0xC8; /* 0=Reload, 1=Capture select */ sbit C_T2 = 0xC9; /* 0=Timer, 1=Counter */ sbit TR2 = 0xCA; /* 0=Stop timer, 1=Start timer */ sbit EXEN2= 0xCB; /* Timer 2 external enable */ sbit TCLK = 0xCC; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 overflow, 1=Timer 2 */ sbit RCLK = 0xCD; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 overflow, 1=Timer 2 */ sbit EXF2 = 0xCE; /* Timer 2 external flag */ sbit TF2 = 0xCF; /* Timer 2 overflow flag */ /*------------------------------------------------ T2MOD Bit Values ------------------------------------------------*/ #define DCEN_ 0x01 /* 1=Timer 2 can be configured as up/down counter */ #define T2OE_ 0x02 /* Timer 2 output enable */ /*------------------------------------------------ PSW Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P = 0xD0; sbit F1 = 0xD1; sbit OV = 0xD2; sbit RS0 = 0xD3; sbit RS1 = 0xD4; sbit F0 = 0xD5; sbit AC = 0xD6; sbit CY = 0xD7; /*------------------------------------------------ Interrupt Vectors: Interrupt Address = (Number * 8) + 3 ------------------------------------------------*/ #define IE0_VECTOR 0 /* 0x03 External Interrupt 0 */ #define TF0_VECTOR 1 /* 0x0B Timer 0 */ #define IE1_VECTOR 2 /* 0x13 External Interrupt 1 */ #define TF1_VECTOR 3 /* 0x1B Timer 1 */ #define SIO_VECTOR 4 /* 0x23 Serial port */ #define TF2_VECTOR 5 /* 0x2B Timer 2 */ #define EX2_VECTOR 5 /* 0x2B External Interrupt 2 */ #endif 这个IO口的输入输出模式在哪配置的?
08-15
#ifndef __OLED_H__ #define __OLED_H__ #include <REGX52.H> sbit SCL=P1_0; sbit SDA=P1_1; #endif 其中<REGX52.H>为keil5自带的定义库,内容如下 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------- AT89X52.H Header file for the low voltage Flash Atmel AT89C52 and AT89LV52. Copyright (c) 1988-2002 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc. All rights reserved. --------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #ifndef __AT89X52_H__ #define __AT89X52_H__ /*------------------------------------------------ Byte Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sfr P0 = 0x80; sfr SP = 0x81; sfr DPL = 0x82; sfr DPH = 0x83; sfr PCON = 0x87; sfr TCON = 0x88; sfr TMOD = 0x89; sfr TL0 = 0x8A; sfr TL1 = 0x8B; sfr TH0 = 0x8C; sfr TH1 = 0x8D; sfr P1 = 0x90; sfr SCON = 0x98; sfr SBUF = 0x99; sfr P2 = 0xA0; sfr IE = 0xA8; sfr P3 = 0xB0; sfr IP = 0xB8; sfr T2CON = 0xC8; sfr T2MOD = 0xC9; sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA; sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB; sfr TL2 = 0xCC; sfr TH2 = 0xCD; sfr PSW = 0xD0; sfr ACC = 0xE0; sfr B = 0xF0; /*------------------------------------------------ P0 Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P0_0 = 0x80; sbit P0_1 = 0x81; sbit P0_2 = 0x82; sbit P0_3 = 0x83; sbit P0_4 = 0x84; sbit P0_5 = 0x85; sbit P0_6 = 0x86; sbit P0_7 = 0x87; /*------------------------------------------------ PCON Bit Values ------------------------------------------------*/ #define IDL_ 0x01 #define STOP_ 0x02 #define PD_ 0x02 /* Alternate definition */ #define GF0_ 0x04 #define GF1_ 0x08 #define SMOD_ 0x80 /*------------------------------------------------ TCON Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit IT0 = 0x88; sbit IE0 = 0x89; sbit IT1 = 0x8A; sbit IE1 = 0x8B; sbit TR0 = 0x8C; sbit TF0 = 0x8D; sbit TR1 = 0x8E; sbit TF1 = 0x8F; /*------------------------------------------------ TMOD Bit Values ------------------------------------------------*/ #define T0_M0_ 0x01 #define T0_M1_ 0x02 #define T0_CT_ 0x04 #define T0_GATE_ 0x08 #define T1_M0_ 0x10 #define T1_M1_ 0x20 #define T1_CT_ 0x40 #define T1_GATE_ 0x80 #define T1_MASK_ 0xF0 #define T0_MASK_ 0x0F /*------------------------------------------------ P1 Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P1_0 = 0x90; sbit P1_1 = 0x91; sbit P1_2 = 0x92; sbit P1_3 = 0x93; sbit P1_4 = 0x94; sbit P1_5 = 0x95; sbit P1_6 = 0x96; sbit P1_7 = 0x97; sbit T2 = 0x90; /* External input to Timer/Counter 2, clock out */ sbit T2EX = 0x91; /* Timer/Counter 2 capture/reload trigger & dir ctl */ /*------------------------------------------------ SCON Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit RI = 0x98; sbit TI = 0x99; sbit RB8 = 0x9A; sbit TB8 = 0x9B; sbit REN = 0x9C; sbit SM2 = 0x9D; sbit SM1 = 0x9E; sbit SM0 = 0x9F; /*------------------------------------------------ P2 Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P2_0 = 0xA0; sbit P2_1 = 0xA1; sbit P2_2 = 0xA2; sbit P2_3 = 0xA3; sbit P2_4 = 0xA4; sbit P2_5 = 0xA5; sbit P2_6 = 0xA6; sbit P2_7 = 0xA7; /*------------------------------------------------ IE Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit EX0 = 0xA8; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 0 */ sbit ET0 = 0xA9; /* 1=Enable Timer 0 interrupt */ sbit EX1 = 0xAA; /* 1=Enable External interrupt 1 */ sbit ET1 = 0xAB; /* 1=Enable Timer 1 interrupt */ sbit ES = 0xAC; /* 1=Enable Serial port interrupt */ sbit ET2 = 0xAD; /* 1=Enable Timer 2 interrupt */ sbit EA = 0xAF; /* 0=Disable all interrupts */ /*------------------------------------------------ P3 Bit Registers (Mnemonics & Ports) ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P3_0 = 0xB0; sbit P3_1 = 0xB1; sbit P3_2 = 0xB2; sbit P3_3 = 0xB3; sbit P3_4 = 0xB4; sbit P3_5 = 0xB5; sbit P3_6 = 0xB6; sbit P3_7 = 0xB7; sbit RXD = 0xB0; /* Serial data input */ sbit TXD = 0xB1; /* Serial data output */ sbit INT0 = 0xB2; /* External interrupt 0 */ sbit INT1 = 0xB3; /* External interrupt 1 */ sbit T0 = 0xB4; /* Timer 0 external input */ sbit T1 = 0xB5; /* Timer 1 external input */ sbit WR = 0xB6; /* External data memory write strobe */ sbit RD = 0xB7; /* External data memory read strobe */ /*------------------------------------------------ IP Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit PX0 = 0xB8; sbit PT0 = 0xB9; sbit PX1 = 0xBA; sbit PT1 = 0xBB; sbit PS = 0xBC; sbit PT2 = 0xBD; /*------------------------------------------------ T2CON Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit CP_RL2= 0xC8; /* 0=Reload, 1=Capture select */ sbit C_T2 = 0xC9; /* 0=Timer, 1=Counter */ sbit TR2 = 0xCA; /* 0=Stop timer, 1=Start timer */ sbit EXEN2= 0xCB; /* Timer 2 external enable */ sbit TCLK = 0xCC; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 overflow, 1=Timer 2 */ sbit RCLK = 0xCD; /* 0=Serial clock uses Timer 1 overflow, 1=Timer 2 */ sbit EXF2 = 0xCE; /* Timer 2 external flag */ sbit TF2 = 0xCF; /* Timer 2 overflow flag */ /*------------------------------------------------ T2MOD Bit Values ------------------------------------------------*/ #define DCEN_ 0x01 /* 1=Timer 2 can be configured as up/down counter */ #define T2OE_ 0x02 /* Timer 2 output enable */ /*------------------------------------------------ PSW Bit Registers ------------------------------------------------*/ sbit P = 0xD0; sbit F1 = 0xD1; sbit OV = 0xD2; sbit RS0 = 0xD3; sbit RS1 = 0xD4; sbit F0 = 0xD5; sbit AC = 0xD6; sbit CY = 0xD7; /*------------------------------------------------ Interrupt Vectors: Interrupt Address = (Number * 8) + 3 ------------------------------------------------*/ #define IE0_VECTOR 0 /* 0x03 External Interrupt 0 */ #define TF0_VECTOR 1 /* 0x0B Timer 0 */ #define IE1_VECTOR 2 /* 0x13 External Interrupt 1 */ #define TF1_VECTOR 3 /* 0x1B Timer 1 */ #define SIO_VECTOR 4 /* 0x23 Serial port */ #define TF2_VECTOR 5 /* 0x2B Timer 2 */ #define EX2_VECTOR 5 /* 0x2B External Interrupt 2 */ #endif  请你告诉我为什么我会有oled.h(8): error C146: 'P1_0': invalid base address oled.h(9): error C146: 'P1_1': invalid base address oled.c(7): error C202: 'SDA': undefined identifier oled.c(8): error C202: 'SCL': undefined identifier oled.c(9): error C202: 'SDA': undefined identifier oled.c(10): error C202: 'SCL': undefined identifier oled.c(16): error C202: 'SCL': undefined identifier oled.c(17): error C202: 'SDA': undefined identifier oled.c(18): error C202: 'SCL': undefined identifier oled.c(19): error C202: 'SDA': undefined identifier oled.c(31): error C202: 'SDA': undefined identifier 这些错误
11-03
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