单元测试覆盖率的自动控制技术

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1 通过Jacoco + mvn控制Java程序覆盖率

Jacoco是Java程序覆盖率工具，可以在pom.xml通过配置来自动控制程序的覆盖率。

pom.xml

<build>
  <plugins>
      <plugin>
    		<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
    		<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    		<version>0.8.8</version>
    		<executions>
        		<execution>
            		<id>pre-test</id>
            		<goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
        		</execution>
        		<execution>
            		<id>post-test</id>
            		<phase>test</phase>
            		<goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
        		</execution>
        		<execution>
            		<id>check-coverage</id>
            		<goals><goal>check</goal></goals>
            		<configuration>
                		<rules>
                    		<rule>
                        		<element>BUNDLE</element>
                        		<limits>
                            		<limit>
                                		<counter>LINE</counter>
                                		<value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
                                		<minimum>0.90</minimum>
                            		</limit>
                        		</limits>
                    		</rule>
                		</rules>
            		</configuration>
        		</execution>
        		<execution>
            		<id>pre-unit-test</id>
            		<goals>
                	<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
            		</goals>
         			<configuration>
            			<destFile> target/coverage-reports/jacoco.exec</destFile>
             			<propertyName>surefireArgLine</propertyName>
             		</configuration>
        		</execution>
        		<execution>
<id>post-unit-test</id>
             		<phase>test</phase>
             		<goals>
                		<goal>report</goal>
             		</goals>
             		<configuration>
                		<dataFile> target/coverage-reports/jacoco-ut.exec</dataFile>
                		<outputDirectory>target/jacoco-ut</outputDirectory>
              		</configuration>
           		</execution>
    		</executions>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
</build>

在pom.xml中​​​​​​​

<limit>
  <counter>LINE</counter>
  <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
  <minimum>0.90</minimum>
</limit>

0.90，即90%为最小行覆盖率，当被测程序行覆盖率<=90%,则运行mvn verify构建失败，否则构建成功。

构建成功情形​​​​​​​

C:\Code\MyJava\javawork\ChatGPTEbusiness>mvn verify
…
Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 83, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco:0.8.8:report (post-test) @ ChatGPTEbusiness ---
[INFO] Loading execution data file C:\Code\MyJava\javawork\ChatGPTEbusiness\target\jacoco.exec
[INFO] Analyzed bundle 'ChatGPTEbusiness' with 12 classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco:0.8.8:report (post-unit-test) @ ChatGPTEbusiness ---
[INFO] Skipping JaCoCo execution due to missing execution data file.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jar:3.3.0:jar (default-jar) @ ChatGPTEbusiness ---
[INFO] Building jar:

构建成功失败情形​​​​​​​

C:\Code\MyJava\javawork\ChatGPTEbusiness>mvn verify
…
Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 83, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco:0.8.8:report (post-test) @ ChatGPTEbusiness ---
[INFO] Loading execution data file C:\Code\MyJava\javawork\ChatGPTEbusiness\target\jacoco.exec
[INFO] Analyzed bundle 'ChatGPTEbusiness' with 12 classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco:0.8.8:report (post-unit-test) @ ChatGPTEbusiness ---
[INFO] Skipping JaCoCo execution due to missing execution data file.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jar:3.3.0:jar (default-jar) @ ChatGPTEbusiness ---
[INFO] Building jar: C:\Code\MyJava\javawork\ChatGPTEbusiness\target\ChatGPTEbusiness-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jacoco:0.8.8:check (check-coverage) @ ChatGPTEbusiness ---
[INFO] Loading execution data file C:\Code\MyJava\javawork\ChatGPTEbusiness\target\jacoco.exec
[INFO] Analyzed bundle 'ChatGPTEbusiness' with 12 classes
[WARNING] Rule violated for bundle ChatGPTEbusiness: lines covered ratio is 0.82, but expected minimum is 0.90
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:
 
11.775 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2025-08-09T15:59:32+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin:0.8.8:check (check-coverage) on project ChatGPTEbusiness: Coverage checks have not been met. See log for details. -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException

注意，这里使用mvn test是没用的​​​​​​​

C:\Code\MyJava\javawork\ChatGPTEbusiness> mvn test
…
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:
 
11.718 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2025-08-09T16:02:47+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2自动控制其他程序覆盖率

Python语言

pytest --cov --cov-fail-under=80

Go语言

go test -coverprofile=coverage.out && goveralls -coverprofile=coverage.out -service=travis-ci -repotoken $COVERALLS_TOKEN

C#语言

dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:Threshold=80

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