【PCIe硬件】PCIe引脚PRSNT与热插拔

本文详细介绍了PCIe热插拔的原理和实现,包括PCIe总线的信号、PRSNT引脚在热插拔中的作用、热插拔的硬件设计以及内核中热插拔中断服务的处理流程。重点讨论了prsnt信号如何指示设备的插入和拔出,以及热插拔控制器如何通过中断与驱动交互,确保系统在设备动态插入和移除时的稳定性。

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目录

1.PCIe热插拔概述     

2.PCIe 总线使用的信号

2.1.收发数据信号

2.2 辅助信号

3.热插拔

​编辑

3.1.PRSNT与热插拔

3.2.PRSNT硬件设计

4.热插拔的实现

 4.1.热插拔组成部件

4.1.1.Indicators

4.1.2.MRL

4.1.3.Attention Button

4.1.4.Slot Numbering

4.1.2.热插拔代码分析

4.1.2.1. pciehp初始化

4.1.2.2. 注册热插拔中断服务

4.1.2.3. 热插拔控制器上报中断后,pciehp驱动会进入pcie_isr函数执行

4.1.2.4. 中断线程化处理pciehp_ist

5.参考资料


1.PCIe热插拔概述     

        PCIe热插拔,是指在系统上电运行时,允许插入或拔出PCIe设备。拔出时不需要平台提前下电,插入时直接生效,不需要系统重启。这对于服务器实现高可靠性而言是一个必不可少的特性。

        热插拔的基本目的是要让PCIe设备按照规定的顺序、原则,从系统中移除或插入到系统中来,并能正常的工作,且不影响系统的正常运行。事实上,PCIe“热插拔”的关键目的就是为前面面所提到的系统RAS服务的,是提升系统RAS能力的非常重要的手段!

热插拔有三个重要的功能:

  1. 在线替换发生故障的PCIe设备。不需要关闭、重启系统。
  2. 热插拔器件,系统及其他功能服务继续运行,不受影响。
  3. 热插拔PCIe设备的相关驱动/软件自动加载/卸载。

Spec中对于热插拔是这样定义的:

Hot-Plug
Insertion and/or removal of a card into an active
### PCIe Presence Detect Pin Function and Usage The PCIe presence detect (PRSNT) pins play an essential role in the initialization process of PCIe devices. These pins allow the system to determine whether a card is present in a slot without powering up the entire device. When a PCIe card is inserted into a slot, two mechanical switches are activated by the insertion of the card[^3]. One switch indicates that a card has been fully seated within the connector while another ensures proper grounding before power application occurs. This prevents damage from electrostatic discharge during installation or removal operations when cards may be partially exposed outside their slots. Once these conditions have met successfully, electrical connections can safely establish between motherboard resources like power rails and signal lines necessary for communication purposes according to specifications outlined under Enhanced Configuration Mechanism standards which utilize memory-mapped access methods ensuring efficient data transfer rates along with robust error handling capabilities required at both hardware level as well software stack implementation stages involved throughout operation cycles including hot-plugging events where dynamic changes occur frequently requiring immediate attention from underlying operating systems managing resource allocation policies effectively across multiple concurrent tasks running simultaneously on modern multi-core processors found inside today's computers ranging from personal desktops all way up enterprise-grade servers deployed within large-scale distributed computing environments supporting mission-critical applications demanding high availability guarantees around clock every single day non-stop. ```python # Example Python code demonstrating how to check if a PCIe device is present using PRSNT pin status. import os def check_pcie_device_presence(slot_number): prsnt_pin_status_file = f"/sys/bus/pci/slots/{slot_number}/power" try: with open(prsnt_pin_status_file, 'r') as file: status = int(file.read().strip()) return bool(status) except FileNotFoundError: print(f"No such PCIe slot {slot_number}") return False if __name__ == "__main__": slot_to_check = 1 # Replace with actual slot number if check_pcie_device_presence(slot_to_check): print("Device detected.") else: print("No device detected.") ```
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