运算符重载概念:对已有的运算符进行重新定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
4.5.1加号运算符重载
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
#include<stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
//1.成员函数重载+号
/*Person operator+(Person& p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}*/
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2.全局函数重载+号
Person operator+(Person& p1, Person& p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
//函数重载的版本
Person operator+(Person& p1, int num)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
return temp;
}
void test01()
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;
//成员函数重载本质调用
//Person p3= p1.operator+(p2);
//全局函数重载本质调用
//Person p3=operator+(p1,p2)
Person p3 = p1 + p2;
//运算符重载也可以发生函数重载
Person p4 = p1 + 100;
cout << "p3.m_A" << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B" << p3.m_B << endl;
cout << "p4.m_A" << p4.m_A << endl;
cout << "p4.m_B" << p4.m_B << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
}
总结1:对于内置的数据类型的运算符是不可能改变的
总结2:不要滥用运算符重载
4.5.2 左移运算符重载
作用:可以输出自定义的数据类型
#include<stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//左移运算符重载
class Person
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, Person p);
public:
Person(int a, int b)
{
m_A = a;
m_B = b;
}
private:
//利用成员函数重载 左移运算符
//通常不会利用成员函数重载<<运算符,因为无法实现cout在左侧
/*void operator<<(Person &p)
{
}*/
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//只能用全局函数重载左移运算符
ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout,Person p)//本质 operator<<(cout,p) 简化 cout<<p
{
cout << "m_A= " << p.m_A << "m_B= " << p.m_B;
return cout;
}
void test01()
{
Person p(10,10);
cout << p<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
}
总结:重载左移运算符配合友元可以实现输出自定义数据类型
4.5.3 递增运算符重载
作用:通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整型数据
#include<stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//重载递增运算符
//自定义整形
class MyInteger
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, MyInteger myint);
public:
MyInteger()
{
m_Num = 0;
}
//重载前置++运算符 返回引用为了一直对一个数据进行递增操作
MyInteger& operator++()
{
//先进行++运算
m_Num++;
//再将自身做返回
return *this;
}
//重载后置++运算符
//void operator++(int) int代表占位参数,可以用于区分前置和后置递增
MyInteger operator++(int)
{
//先 记录当时结果
MyInteger temp = *this;
//后 递增
m_Num++;
//最后将记录结果做返回
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
//重载左移运算符
ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, MyInteger myint)
{
cout << myint.m_Num;
return cout;
}
void test01()
{
MyInteger myint;
cout << ++myint << endl;
}
void test02()
{
MyInteger myint;
cout << myint++ << endl;
cout << myint << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
4.5.4赋值运算符重载
c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
1.默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
2.默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
3.默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
4.赋值运算符operator=,对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
#include<stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//赋值预算符重载
class Person
{
public:
Person(int age)
{
m_Age = new int(age);
}
~Person()
{
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
Person& operator=(Person& p)
{
//编译器是提供浅拷贝
//m_Age = p.m_Age;
//应该先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有先释放干净,然后在深拷贝
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
//深拷贝
m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
//返回对象本身
return *this;
}
int* m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1(18);
Person p2(20);
Person p3(30);
p3 = p2 = p1;//赋值操作
cout << "p1的年龄为:" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p2的年龄为:" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
}
4.5.5 关系运算符重载
作用:重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
#include<stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//重载关系运算符
class Person
{
public:
Person(string name, int age)
{
m_Name = name;
m_Age = age;
}
//重载==
bool operator==(Person &p)
{
if(this->m_Name==p.m_Name&&this->m_Age==p.m_Age)
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool operator!=(Person& p)
{
if (this->m_Name != p.m_Name && this->m_Age != p.m_Age)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1("Tom", 18);
Person p2("Jerry", 18);
if (p1 != p2)
{
cout << "p1和p2是不相等的!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "p1和p2是相等的" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
4.5.6函数调用运算符重载
函数调用运算符()也可以重载
由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
#include<stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//函数调用运算符重载
//打印输出类
class MyPrint
{
public:
//重载函数调用运算符
void operator() (string test)
{
cout << test << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
MyPrint myPrint;
myPrint("hello world");
MyPrint02("hello world");
}
//仿函数非常灵活,没有固定的写法
//加法类
class MyAdd
{
public:
int operator()(int num1, int num2)
{
return num1 + num2;
}
};
void test02()
{
MyAdd myadd;
int ret = myadd(100, 100);
cout << "ret = " << endl;
//匿名函数对象
cout << MyAdd()(100, 100) << endl;
}
void MyPrint02(string test)
{
cout << test << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
运算符重载完结!
开新坑,血源研习者(资料整理)