软件开发中的糊涂用语-01-功能模块

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今天我们来说一下

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一些我们常用的

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但实际上是错误的

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一些用语 

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那第一个呢

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我们要说的是，功能模块这个用语

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首先我们来看功能这两个字

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功能，它是一个模糊用语

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什么是功能

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比如说，拿取款机为例

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取现金是功能

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登录也是

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输密码也是

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验密码也是

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系统算手续费也是

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都是功能

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但它们的大小是不一样的

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这也功能，那也功能

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所以呢，这是一个糊涂的

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模糊的用语 

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那如果能够把它分清楚 

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按照用例、路径

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路径里面有回合

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回合里面有步骤

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这个就清楚了

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取现金是一个用例

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是外面的储户对这个取款机的期望

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以及取款机对储户的承诺的一个平衡点

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或者说，买卖平衡点

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而正常的取现金

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这是一条路径

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路径里面有很多回合

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登录是一个回合

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从输密码到系统验证，反馈验证的结果这个为止

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这是一个回合

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回合里面可能有

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三到四个步骤

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输密码

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然后呢

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系统验证

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验证

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然后反馈验证结果以及账户的详情

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三个步骤

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可能还要记录一下，某某曾经登录过 

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可能有四个步骤

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也有可能

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所以呢，功能这是一个模糊的用语

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同样的，模块也是一个模糊用语 

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什么是模块

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你是一个类

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一个组件

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一个子系统

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不知道

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模糊的

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而这两个连起来

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叫功能模块

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那就是错的了 

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前面两个是模糊的

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只是说没有说清楚 

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这两个连起来呢就是错的

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不能连的

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功能模块

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功能，我们拿前面那个，虽然说模糊

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我们还可以

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给它一个差不多的定义

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什么叫功能 

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系统作为一个整体

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所需要完成的行为

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所以功能前面的主语是什么，系统应该能够什么，系统能够什么这样

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比如，系统应该能够什么

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提供取现金的功能对吧

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系统应该能验密码

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系统应该能什么 

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这有这个功能的

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再去作为一个整体的一个需要完成的行为或需要提供的服务

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模块是什么

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我们可以把它看作系统的内部结构

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不知道是什么了

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里面是类

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还是组件

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还是什么 

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如果你不是用面向对象的

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那类就没有了

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比如说，拿人举例

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功能是人能走路

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模块是人的心脏

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对吧

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那功能模块连起来

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那就意味着什么

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走路用的心脏

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也就是说，这个心脏是走路的心脏

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但实际上不是的

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心脏是大家共用的

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对不对

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比如说，右边这个是一个人

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一位男士

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在白天

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在公司为老板996，提供996的服务

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为老板

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晚上回家

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还得为老婆服务

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然后呢

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回老家还得为

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老爸老妈扛煤气罐

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这三个场景 

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都需要用到心脏

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不能说

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心脏是老板的

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这个肾是老婆的

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那个大腿是老爸的

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不是的 

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共用的

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对不对

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就像公司员工一样

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员工是公司的员工

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不是公司某个流程的员工 

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但是多对多的

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所以年检就错了

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那这里面经常就会有人有这样的疑问

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潘老师，现在流行鼓吹这个微服务

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什么叫微服务

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就是把这个系统 

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啪啪啪啪切成很多个

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微服务，很多个独立的

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小系统

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那不是功能模块吗

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对不对

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刚才说了，那个心脏是共用的

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我现在不共用了

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我996微服务一个心脏

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交作业

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一个心脏

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扛煤气罐，一个心脏

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对吧

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当然这几个心脏可能是残缺的 

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那这个微服务是什么样的

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怎么评价

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我后面会有专门的内容

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再来说这个问题

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我们现在先简单说几句这个问题 

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首先，微服务是一个妥协的不良结构 

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这个后面我们还会详细说

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第二个

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即使你是微服务

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也并不是说，按照用例来，一个用例

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一个微服务 

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对不对

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如果是按照用例来分微服务

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那这个就是什么

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从外面就切到里面去了 

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你微服务怎么分割

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哪些跟哪些在一起

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应该也是要根据里面的内部器官

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内部组件的耦合内聚来切割的

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怎么可能从外面来切呢

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对不对

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比如说，这几个功能是张三用的

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好

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我就把这个张三搞一个张三用的微服务

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这几个李四用的

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不是这样的

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是按照什么

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里面的那个耦合内聚来切割的

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而且

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不是说一个用例

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一个微服务

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它也是好多个的

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第二个

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刚才讲了，功能跟用例还不是一回事

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对不对

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功能那是一个模糊用语

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所以呢，刚才讲的这个什么

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功能模块这个，在什么时候能够成立 

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就是，刚才讲的

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一

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这个功能指的就是用例

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第二

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严格一个用例

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就一个独立的系统

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也就是说，系统就一个用例

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不能有多个

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你叫系统

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叫微服务也好 

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就一个，就按照一个用例一个对应，这样过来

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哎

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那确实就是你的 

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只有在这个条件下

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你这样说可以的

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比如说你办一件事情就招一人

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办一件事就招一批人

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嗯

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这些人都不重叠的

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关键是要招一批人

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公司做什么就加入密人

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做什么要招聘人这样 

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那用开公司来类比

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就类似这样就可以 

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所以呢，功能的描述一般都会说，能够怎么样

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系统能够怎么样

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比如说

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拿取款机为例

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我们可以说

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储户能够用取款机来达到取款的目的

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取款机能够

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验证储户的身份

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取款机能够计算手续费

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对不对

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或者说，我们拿人来举例嘛

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人就是一个系统

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对吧

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人能够走路，人的功能

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也就是说，这个用例和组件

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是多对多的

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一个用例可能会用到系统里面很多个组件

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一个组件也可以为多个用例服务

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是系统的零件、或者系统的部件、组件

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你叫什么都可以

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系统的零件

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这是一个结构的概念

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而系统能做什么

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这是一个行为的概念

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结构和行为的对应，应该是多对多的

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这也是我们这个世界之所以复杂

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或者说

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我们这个

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软件之所以复杂的根源

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多对多，而哪个多对哪个多是最佳的方案

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是由我们人脑

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来判断的

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如果是一一对应的

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那计算机不是可以直接推出来了吗

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对不对