Merge Two Sorted Lists

本文介绍了解决LeetCode第21题“合并两个有序链表”的两种方法:迭代和递归。通过这两种方式,文章详细解释了如何合并两个有序链表并返回新的有序链表。

Leetcode 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists

Merge two sorted linked lists and return it as a new list. The new list should be made by splicing together the nodes of the first two lists.

合并两个有序单链表

思路跟合并两个有序数组一样

/**

 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        ListNode *head = new ListNode(0);
        ListNode *tail = head;
        
        while(l1 && l2)
        {
            if (l1->val < l2->val)
            {
                tail->next = l1;
                l1 = l1->next;
            }
            else
            {
                tail->next = l2;
                l2 = l2->next;
            }
            tail = tail->next;
        }
        while (l1)
        {
            tail->next = l1;
            l1 = l1->next;
            tail = tail->next;
        }
        while (l2)
        {
            tail->next = l2;
            l2 = l2->next;
            tail = tail->next;
        }
        return head->next;
    }

};

AC后看其他人的思路,diss第一名用的递归....orz

确实...这可以划分为更小的问题,但若不告诉我可用递归,我也想不到。

思路如下,现在写递归,更喜欢从最小的问题考虑起,对于该问题就是两个结点的合并。专注于最小问题,可以较好的写出代码,而且只要保证问题变小的方向是对的,那么递归一般没问题

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        if (l1 == NULL)
            return l2;
        if (l2 == NULL)
            return l1;
        if (l1->val < l2->val)
        {
            l1->next = mergeTwoLists(l1->next, l2);
            return l1;
        }
        else
        {
            l2->next = mergeTwoLists(l1, l2->next);
            return l2;
        }
            
    }
};

To merge k sorted linked lists, one approach is to repeatedly merge two of the linked lists until all k lists have been merged into one. We can use a priority queue to keep track of the minimum element across all k linked lists at any given time. Here's the code to implement this idea: ``` struct ListNode { int val; ListNode* next; ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} }; // Custom comparator for the priority queue struct CompareNode { bool operator()(const ListNode* node1, const ListNode* node2) const { return node1->val > node2->val; } }; ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) { priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, CompareNode> pq; for (ListNode* list : lists) { if (list) { pq.push(list); } } ListNode* dummy = new ListNode(-1); ListNode* curr = dummy; while (!pq.empty()) { ListNode* node = pq.top(); pq.pop(); curr->next = node; curr = curr->next; if (node->next) { pq.push(node->next); } } return dummy->next; } ``` We start by initializing a priority queue with all the head nodes of the k linked lists. We use a custom comparator that compares the values of two nodes and returns true if the first node's value is less than the second node's value. We then create a dummy node to serve as the head of the merged linked list, and a current node to keep track of the last node in the merged linked list. We repeatedly pop the minimum node from the priority queue and append it to the merged linked list. If the popped node has a next node, we push it onto the priority queue. Once the priority queue is empty, we return the head of the merged linked list. Note that this implementation has a time complexity of O(n log k), where n is the total number of nodes across all k linked lists, and a space complexity of O(k).
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