总结Solana 开发指南：连接 Phantom 钱包、转账 SOL 和 SPL 代币

Solana 是一个高性能的区块链平台，支持快速、低成本的交易。本文将详细介绍如何在 Solana 上连接 Phantom 钱包、转账 SOL 和 SPL 代币（如 USDT），以及如何铸造 SPL 代币。如何通过设置优先费用来优化交易确认速度。

1. 环境准备

​1.1 安装依赖

首先，安装所需的库：

npm install @solana/web3.js @solana/spl-token @solana/wallet-adapter-phantom bs58 buffer

​1.2 引入库

在代码中引入以下库：

import bs58 from 'bs58';
import { Buffer } from 'buffer';
import * as splToken from '@solana/spl-token';
import { PhantomWalletAdapter } from '@solana/wallet-adapter-phantom';
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  Transaction,
} from '@solana/web3.js';

---

​2. 连接 Phantom 钱包

​2.1 初始化钱包和连接

constructor() {
  this.wallet = new PhantomWalletAdapter();
  this.connection = new Connection(
    "https://sleek-xxx-star.solana-xxx.quiknode.xxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", 
    // 连接是 solana rpc节点 自己搭建或者去 QuickNode 购买，
    // 或者使用 clusterApiUrl("mainnet-beta") 
    // testnet 测试网  devnet 开发网  mainnet-beta 主网
    "confirmed"
  );
}

​2.2 连接钱包

async connectWallet(): Promise<string> {
  try {
    await this.wallet.connect();
    const publicKey = this.wallet.publicKey.toString();
    console.log("Connected with public key:", publicKey);
    return publicKey;
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error connecting to Phantom Wallet:", error);
  }
}

​2.3 断开钱包连接

async disconnectWallet(): Promise<string> {
  if (this.wallet) {
    try {
      await this.wallet.disconnect();
      console.log("Disconnected from the Phantom wallet");
    } catch (error) {
      console.error("Error disconnecting from Phantom Wallet:", error);
    }
  } else {
    alert("Phantom wallet not found!");
  }
}

---

​3. 转账 SOL 和 SPL 代币

​3.1 转账 SOL

async transferSOL(receiverPublicKey, amount) {
  if (!this.wallet.connected) {
    await this.wallet.connect();
  }
  const senderPublicKey = this.wallet.publicKey;
  const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.transfer({
      fromPubkey: senderPublicKey,
      toPubkey: new PublicKey(receiverPublicKey),
      lamports: amount * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
    })
  );
  const { blockhash } = await this.connection.getRecentBlockhash();
  transaction.recentBlockhash = blockhash;
  transaction.feePayer = senderPublicKey;
  const signedTransaction = await this.wallet.signTransaction(transaction);
  const signature = await this.connection.sendRawTransaction(signedTransaction.serialize());
  console.log("Transaction signature:", signature);
  return signature;
}

​3.2 转账 SPL 代币（如 USDT）​

async transferUSDT(receiverPublicKey, amount) {
  if (!this.wallet.connected) {
    await this.wallet.connect();
  }
  const senderPublicKey = this.wallet.publicKey;
  const usdtMintAddress = new PublicKey("代币的地址");
    // 如USDT：Es9vMFrzaCERmJfrF4H2FYD4KCoNkY11McCe8BenwNYB
  const fromTokenAccount = await splToken.getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(
    this.connection,
    senderPublicKey,
    usdtMintAddress,
    senderPublicKey
  ).then(ata => ata.address);
  const toTokenAccount = await splToken.getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(
    this.connection,
    senderPublicKey,
    usdtMintAddress,
    new PublicKey(receiverPublicKey)
  ).then(ata => ata.address);
  const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    splToken.createTransferInstruction(
      fromTokenAccount,
      toTokenAccount,
      senderPublicKey,
      amount * Math.pow(10, 6) // USDT 有 6 位小数
    )
  );
  const { blockhash } = await this.connection.getRecentBlockhash();
  transaction.recentBlockhash = blockhash;
  transaction.feePayer = senderPublicKey;
  const signedTransaction = await this.wallet.signTransaction(transaction);
  const signature = await this.connection.sendRawTransaction(signedTransaction.serialize());
  console.log("Transaction signature:", signature);
  return signature;
}

---

​4. 铸造 SPL 代币

​4.1 创建代币

async createMint() {
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode("your_secret_key_here")
  );
  const mintPubkey = await splToken.createMint(
    this.connection,
    feePayer,
    feePayer.publicKey,
    feePayer.publicKey,
    8 // 代币小数位
  );
  console.log(`Mint created: ${mintPubkey.toBase58()}`);
  return mintPubkey;
}

​4.2 铸造代币

async mintTokens(mintPubkey, amount) {
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode("your_secret_key_here")
  );
  const tokenAccount = await splToken.createAssociatedTokenAccount(
    this.connection,
    feePayer,
    mintPubkey,
    feePayer.publicKey
  );
  const txhash = await splToken.mintToChecked(
    this.connection,
    feePayer,
    mintPubkey,
    tokenAccount,
    feePayer,
    amount * Math.pow(10, 8), // 假设代币有 8 位小数
    8
  );
  console.log(`Tokens minted: ${txhash}`);
  return txhash;
}

---

​5. 优化交易确认速度

通过设置优先费用，可以加快交易确认速度：

const { ComputeBudgetProgram } = require('@solana/web3.js');

const modifyComputeUnits = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({
  units: 10000,
});

const addPriorityFee = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({
  microLamports: 100000,
});

const transaction = new Transaction()
  .add(modifyComputeUnits)
  .add(addPriorityFee)
  .add(
    splToken.createTransferInstruction(
      fromTokenAccount,
      toTokenAccount,
      senderPublicKey,
      amount * Math.pow(10, 6)
    )
  );