ubuntu18.04深度学习环境安装

(ubuntu18.04+cuda9.0)

ubuntu18.04

首先GCC 降级,由于CUDA 9.0仅支持GCC 6.0及以下版本，而Ubuntu 18.04预装GCC版本为7.3，故手动进行降级，这里我降到4.8版本

sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 
sudo apt-get install g++-4.8
cd /usr/bin 
ls -l gcc*
sudo mv gcc gcc.bak    #备份 
sudo ln -s gcc-4.8 gcc    #重新链接
sudo mv g++ g++.bak 
sudo ln -s g++-4.8 g++
gcc -v
g++ -v

均显示gcc version 4.8 ，说明gcc 4.8安装成功。
显卡驱动与CUDA版本对应表：
另附上cuda与torch对应版本：

到NVIDIA官网CUDA9.0 下载页面下载runfile，选择ubuntu16.04，18.04版本的系统能够安装16.04版本对应的CUDA:

sudo sh cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run

Please make sure that

• PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin
• LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root

环境设置：

sudo gedit /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda/bin  
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/cuda  #删除之前生成的软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/cuda-9.0 /usr/local/cuda #设置cuda软链接
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/lib64
重启

换源

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse


deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

禁止系统自动更新

安装输入法

sudo apt-get install fcitx-bin    #相关的依赖库和框架都会自动安装上
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table #安装输入法

修改键盘输入法系统：fcitx

点击Ubuntu右上角顶栏的小键盘图标中打开，配置。
也可以安装搜狗输入法。

安装anaconda

官网下载：Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh

bash Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh

常用使用方法：

conda env list #查看有哪些环境
conda list #查看安装了哪些包
conda activate xxx #激活环境
conda create -n xxx python=3.6  #创建环境
conda remove -n xxx --all #删除环境

conda换源:

conda config --show-sources #查看当前使用源
sudo gedit ~/.condarc
channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: yes

pip换源：

mkdir ~/.pip
sudo gedit ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com

pycharm安装

下载Pycharm社区版 解压 ：
运行
cd pycharm-community-2020.1.2/bin/
sh ./pycharm.sh
添加快捷方式：
cd /usr/share/applications
sudo gedit pycharm.desktop
添加以下内容：

[Desktop Entry]
Type = Application
Name =pycharm
Exec = 安装路径/pycharm-community-2020.1.2/bin/pycharm.sh
Icon = 安装路径/pycharm-community-2020.1.2/bin/pycharm.png
Terminal=false
Categories=Pycharm

cudnn安装

下载对应的cudnn版本，解压：
sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include/
sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/

ffmpeg安装

下载ffmpeg源码：

git clone git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git ffmpeg

安装编译需要的环境：

sudo apt-get install -y autoconf automake build-essential git libass-dev libfreetype6-dev libsdl2-dev libtheora-dev libtool libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev pkg-config texinfo wget zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install libavformat-dev libavcodec-dev libswresample-dev libswscale-dev libavutil-dev libsdl1.2-dev
sudo apt-get install yasm
sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo aptitude install libx264-dev
sudo apt install pkg-config
sudo apt-get install libx265-dev

编译安装：

./configure   --enable-shared  --prefix=/usr/local/ffmpeg  --enable-gpl --enable-libx264  --enable-libx265   
make
sudo make install

设置动态链接库：

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/ffmpeg/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

重启后可以使用