使用pip/pip3安装第三方模块,出现Cannot unpack file xxx的问题的解决以及pip安装速度慢或出现readtime out问题的解决。

本文详细介绍了在Mac、Linux和Windows平台上使用pip安装requests模块的方法。针对安装过程中的超时问题,提供了使用国内源(如豆瓣源和清华源)的解决方案,并解决了权限错误问题,确保了安装过程的顺利进行。

本方法应该适应于mac和linux和windows,因为我mac上是有多个版本的,所以我在使用pip3,大家灵活搭配.

1.使用常规方法安装模块

pip3 install requests

2.显示time_out,也就是超时,这种问题,一般用国内源就好了.我使用的是豆瓣源.

pip3 install https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ requests

但是使用这种方法提示:

Cannot unpack file /private/var/folders/3n/vbc9phdd7k1fsdj1p4x90kzw0000gn/T/pip-unpack-cf6vtali/simple.htm (downloaded from /private/var/folders/3n/vbc9phdd7k1fsdj1p4x90kzw0000gn/T/pip-req-build-6mac1w3c, content-type: text/html); cannot detect archive format

Cannot determine archive format of /private/var/folders/3n/vbc9phdd7k1fsdj1p4x90kzw0000gn/T/pip-req-build-6mac1w3c

附上终端显示情况:

翻找了一下解决方案,最终用以下方案搞定:

别人的解决方案是使用的清华源:

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn requests

但是经过使用它又会报错:

Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/3.7/site-packages/certifi'

Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

于是给它前面添加sudo最高权限

sudo pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn requests

完美安装.

经过分析发现主要是其--trusted-host解决的问题

也就是说可以这么使用

sudo pip3 install --trusted-host https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ requests

完美解决

 

Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher yield File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 519, in read data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b"" File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 62, in read data = self.__fp.read(amt) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 459, in read n = self.readinto(b) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/http/client.py", line 503, in readinto n = self.fp.readinto(b) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/socket.py", line 704, in readinto return self._sock.recv_into(b) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 1241, in recv_into return self.read(nbytes, buffer) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/ssl.py", line 1099, in read return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer) socket.timeout: The read operation timed out During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 173, in _main status = self.run(options, args) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 203, in wrapper return func(self, options, args) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 315, in run requirement_set = resolver.resolve( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py", line 94, in resolve result = self._result = resolver.resolve( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 472, in resolve state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 341, in resolve self._add_to_criteria(self.state.criteria, r, parent=None) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 172, in _add_to_criteria if not criterion.candidates: File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/structs.py", line 151, in __bool__ return bool(self._sequence) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 140, in __bool__ return any(self) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 128, in <genexpr> return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/found_candidates.py", line 32, in _iter_built candidate = func() File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/factory.py", line 204, in _make_candidate_from_link self._link_candidate_cache[link] = LinkCandidate( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 295, in __init__ super().__init__( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 156, in __init__ self.dist = self._prepare() File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 227, in _prepare dist = self._prepare_distribution() File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 305, in _prepare_distribution return self._factory.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 508, in prepare_linked_requirement return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 550, in _prepare_linked_requirement local_file = unpack_url( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 239, in unpack_url file = get_http_url( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 102, in get_http_url from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py", line 145, in __call__ for chunk in chunks: File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py", line 144, in iter for x in it: File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py", line 63, in response_chunks for chunk in response.raw.stream( File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 576, in stream data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 541, in read raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/contextlib.py", line 135, in __exit__ self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback) File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.") pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=&#39;files.pythonhosted.org&#39;, port=443): Read timed out. WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.4; however, version 25.3 is available. You should consider upgrading via the &#39;/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip&#39; command.
最新发布
10-30
<think>我们正在解决pip安装时出现的socket.timeoutReadTimeoutError问题。根据引用[1]、[2]、[3],这些错误通常是由于网络连接不稳定PyPI官方源(files.pythonhosted.org)被屏蔽导致的。引用[2]提供了两种解决方法:临时使用国内镜像源和永久修改配置。同时,引用[4]提到了Python版本问题,但这个问题与当前错误关系不大,所以主要关注网络问题解决方案分三步:临时使用镜像源、永久配置镜像源、调整超时时间。 ### 步骤1:临时使用镜像源(适用于单次安装) 在安装命令后添加`-i`参数指定国内镜像源(如清华源): ```bash pip install 包名 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple ``` 例如: ```bash pip install seleniumbase==4.14.12 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple ``` 此方法无需更改配置,但每次安装都需添加参数。 ### 步骤2:永久配置镜像源(推荐) 避免每次手动指定镜像源,可按系统类型永久配置: #### Windows系统: 1. 在用户目录(如`C:\Users\你的用户名`)创建`pip`文件夹 2. 在`pip`文件夹内新建`pip.ini`文件(若已有则直接编辑) 3. 写入以下内容: ```ini [global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn ``` > 注:`trusted-host`避免SSL证书验证错误 #### Linux/macOS系统: 1. 在用户目录创建`.pip`文件夹(若不存在): ```bash mkdir ~/.pip ``` 2. 创建修改配置文件`~/.pip/pip.conf`: ```bash [global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn ``` 配置完成后,所有`pip install`命令将自动使用清华源。 ### 步骤3:增加超时时间(可选) 若镜像源下载仍超时,可增加默认超时限制: ```bash pip install --default-timeout=100 包名 ``` 其中`100`为超时秒数(默认15秒),建议设置为60-100秒。 ### 常见问题排查 | 现象 | 解决方案 | |--------------------------|-----------------------------------| | 镜像源无法访问 | 更换其他源(如阿里云:`http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/`) | | SSL证书错误 | 在配置中添加`trusted-host` | | 权限不足 | 添加`--user`参数使用虚拟环境 | > 重要提示:更换国内镜像源通常可解决99%的下载超时问题[^2]。 ### 为什么会出现超时? 当客户端与PyPI服务器之间的网络延迟过高时,TCP连接在未收到数据包的情况下达到阈值时间(通常60秒),会触发`socket.timeout`异常。其数学表述为: $$ t_{\text{response}} > t_{\text{threshold}} $$ 其中$t_{\text{response}}$为服务器响应时间,$t_{\text{threshold}}$为系统设定的超时阈值。使用国内镜像源可显著降低$t_{\text{response}}$。 §§相关问题§§ 1. 如何测试不同pip源的下载速度? 2. 使用pip时遇到SSL证书错误如何解决3. 为什么某些pip源会出现文件校验失败(checksum error)? </think>### 解决 pip 安装超时问题(socket.timeoutReadTimeoutError)的完整指南 这些错误通常由网络连接问题引起,以下是系统化的解决方案: --- #### 第一步:立即解决方法(临时修复) 1. **增加超时时间** 使用 `--default-timeout` 参数延长等待时间: ```bash pip install --default-timeout=100 包名 ``` 建议设置 60-120 秒(默认为 15 秒)[^1][^3] 2. **临时切换镜像源** 使用国内镜像源加速下载: ```bash pip install 包名 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple ``` 推荐镜像源[^2]: - 清华源:`https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple` - 阿里云:`http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/` - 豆瓣:`http://pypi.douban.com/simple/` --- #### 第二步:永久配置(一劳永逸) **Windows 系统配置**: 1. 创建文件:`C:\Users\<你的用户名>\pip\pip.ini` 2. 添加内容: ```ini [global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple timeout = 120 trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn ``` **Linux/macOS 系统配置**: 1. 创建文件:`~/.pip/pip.conf` 2. 添加内容: ```ini [global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple timeout = 120 ``` > 配置完成后,所有 `pip install` 命令将自动使用优化设置[^2] --- #### 第三步:网络问题诊断 当出现 `ReadTimeoutError` 时: 1. 测试基础连接: ```bash ping files.pythonhosted.org ``` 2. 检查防火墙设置: - 确保未屏蔽端口 443(HTTPS) - 临时禁用防火墙测试 3. 使用调试模式: ```bash pip install -vvv 包名 ``` --- #### 第四步:高级解决方案 1. **离线安装**: ```bash # 下载离线包 pip download 包名 -d ./packages # 离线安装 pip install --no-index --find-links=./packages 包名 ``` 2. **使用代理**(若在受限网络): ```bash pip install --proxy=http://user:pass@proxy_ip:port 包名 ``` 3. **升级底层组件**: ```bash pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel ``` --- ### 错误原因深度解析 出现 `socket.timeout` 的核心原因是: $$ t_{\text{传输}} > t_{\text{超时阈值}} $$ 其中: - $t_{\text{传输}}$ = 数据包往返时间 (RTT) + 服务器处理时间 - $t_{\text{超时阈值}}$ = 系统默认值(通常 15s) 国内用户直连 `files.pythonhosted.org` 时,$t_{\text{传输}}$ 常因跨境路由超过阈值。使用国内镜像源可将 $t_{\text{传输}}$ 降至 0.5-2s 范围[^2]。
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