Docker 基础使用

1. Docker 安装&卸载

1.1 虚拟机安装

Centos7 安装

1.2 环境准备

• 关闭防火墙
  systemctl stop firewalld
• 禁止防火墙
  systemctl disable firewalld
• 关闭SELinux
  vi /etc/selinux/config
  修改SELINUX=disabled
  重启reboot
• 安装iptables
  yum -y install iptables-services
• 启动iptables
  systemctl start iptables
• 使能iptables
  systemctl enable iptables
• 清除防火墙规则
  iptables -F
• 保持防火墙规则
  service iptables save
• 更新系统
  yum -y update
  重启reboot

1.3 离线rpm安装docker

下载docker地址

经rpm包拷贝到一个目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd docker
[root@localhost docker]# ll
total 19096
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19521288 May 24 03:13 docker-ce-17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    29108 May 24 03:13 docker-ce-selinux-17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

1.3.1 执行安装

yum -y install *

1.3.2 启动

systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker

1.3.3 测试docker

docker run hello-world

如果报错一般是镜像下载失败，需要配置镜像加速

1.3.4 配置镜像加速

[root@localhost docker]# pwd
/etc/docker
[root@localhost docker]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 105 May 24 04:49 daemon.json
-rw------- 1 root root 244 May 24 03:19 key.json
[root@localhost docker]#

修改daemon.json(没有自己创建该文件)

{
    "registry-mirrors":["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}

修改完后执行

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

1.4 卸载Docker

要确保容器停止docker container stop xxx，docker rm xxx，docker停止systemctl stop docker之后，再执行下面操作

1.4.1 yum list installed|grep docker

[root@localhost docker]# yum list installed|grep docker
docker-ce.x86_64                     17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos        @/docker-ce-17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
docker-ce-selinux.noarch             17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos        @/docker-ce-selinux-17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch

1.4.2 yum -y remove

yum -y remove docker-ce-selinux.noarch
yum -y remove docker-ce.x86_64

1.4.3 再次查看

[root@localhost docker]# yum list installed|grep docker
[root@localhost docker]# docker
-bash: /usr/bin/docker: No such file or directory

2. 镜像和容器基本操作

2.1 docker信息

docker info

[root@localhost docker]# docker info
Containers: 0
...
Images: 0
Server Version: 17.03.0-ce
...
Registry Mirrors:
 http://hub-mirror.c.163.com
Live Restore Enabled: false

2.2 镜像操作

2.2.1 查询镜像

docker search tomcat

[root@localhost docker]# docker search tomcat
NAME                          DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
tomcat                        Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   2736      [OK]
...

2.2.2 镜像拉取

docker pull ubuntu:16.04

$ docker pull [选项] [Docker Registry 地址[:端⼝]/]仓库名[:标签]

2.2.3 镜像查看

docker images
docker image ls

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              16.04               005d2078bdfa        4 weeks ago         125 MB
...

2.2.4 运行镜像生成容器

docker run ubuntu:16.04

[root@localhost docker]# docker run -it --rm ubuntu:16.04 /bin/bash
root@71b85e29f790:/# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="16.04.6 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
...

-d 后台运行
-it交互式终端操作
--rm 容器退出后便被删除

2.2.5 删除本地镜像

$ docker image rm [选项] <镜像1> [<镜像2> ...]
$ docker rmi 镜像名

2.3 磁盘使用查看

docker system df

[root@localhost docker]# docker system df
TYPE                TOTAL               ACTIVE              SIZE                RECLAIMABLE
Images              2                   2                   124.7 MB            0 B (0%)
Containers          3                   0                   0 B                 0 B
Local Volumes       0                   0                   0 B                 0 B

2.4 容器操作

2.4.1 启动已终止的容器

docker container start

2.4.2 查看容器

docker ps
docker container ls
docker ps -a
docker container ls -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
16d80ed1acd8        ubuntu:16.04        "/bin/bash"         58 seconds ago      Up 58 seconds                           zealous_dijkstra

docker ps 和 docker container ls 一样；docker ps -a 和 docker container ls -a 一样

2.4.3 终止容器

docker container stop

2.4.4 重启容器

docker container restart

2.4.5 删除容器

docker container rm
docker rm

2.4.6 进入容器

docker exec -it

[root@localhost docker]# docker run -dit ubuntu:16.04
16d80ed1acd8903e91491ac5c9b50a640dc6059e3bfc8030531a49bd54211637
[root@localhost docker]# docker exec -it 16d80ed1acd8 bash
root@16d80ed1acd8:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@16d80ed1acd8:/# exit
exit