计算机科学写作指南
1. 时态运用
在科学写作中,大部分文本使用过去时或现在时。现在时用于表达永恒的真理,例如“the algorithm has complexity O(n)”,而不是“the algorithm had complexity O(n)” 。同时,现在时也用于描述文本本身,像 “related issues are discussed below” 就比 “related issues will be discussed below” 更好。
过去时用于描述工作和成果,比如 “the ideas were tested by experiment”,而非 “the ideas are tested by experiment”。有时,过去时和现在时一起使用也是正确的,例如 “Although theory suggests that the Klein algorithm has asymptotic complexity O(n2), in our experiments the trend observed was O(n)”。
在讨论参考文献时,过去时和现在时都可以使用,但现在时更可取,不过上下文可能会决定使用过去时。例如 “Willert (1999) shows that the space is open” ; “Haast (1986) postulated that the space is bounded, but Willert (1999) has since shown that it is open”。
除了在结论部分,将来时在科学写作中很少使用。
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