Unity3D 串口接收和发送数据

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-31 11:36:29 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-10-31 11:36:29 发布 · 1.2w 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文详细介绍了在Unity中实现串口通信的方法，包括串口的初始化、数据接收和发送的完整流程。通过实例代码，展示了如何利用C#处理串口通信，解决实际应用中的常见问题。

近期用到串口，遇到的一些坑，记录一下。先看代码：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Xml;
using UnityEngine;

public class RecieveSport : MonoBehaviour
{
    public SerialPort port = null;
    private Thread tPort = null;
    private bool canRecieveMsg = true;
    public static RecieveSport _instance;
    public string tempMsg = "";

    public List<byte> listReceive = new List<byte>();
    string str;
    char[] strchar = new char[100];//接收的字符信息转换为字符数组信息
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        if (_instance == null)
        {
            _instance = this;
        }
        port = new SerialPort();
        OpenPort(LoadXml());

    }
    string LoadXml()
    {
        //创建xml文档
        XmlDocument xml = new XmlDocument();
        xml.Load(System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\IP.xml");
        //得到objects节点下的所有子节点
        XmlNodeList xmlNode = xml.SelectSingleNode("HeadSelect").ChildNodes;
        //Debug.Log(((XmlElement)xmlNode[2]).GetAttributeNode("com").Value.ToString());
        //遍历所有子节点
        return ((XmlElement)xmlNode[2]).GetAttributeNode("com").Value.ToString();

    }
    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
    }
    public bool OpenPort(string portName)
    {
        if (this.port != null && this.port.IsOpen == false)
        {
            try
            {
                this.port = new SerialPort(portName, 9600);
                this.port.ReadTimeout = 500;
                this.port.WriteTimeout = 500;
                this.port.Open();

                this.tPort = new Thread(new ThreadStart(PortReceive));
                this.tPort.IsBackground = true;
                this.tPort.Start();
                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception err)
            {
                throw err;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            throw new System.Exception("串口已经打开");
        }
    }

    void OnApplicationQuit()
    {
        canRecieveMsg = false;
    }
    void PrintData()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < listReceive.Count; i++)
        {
            strchar[i] = (char)(listReceive[i]);
            str = new string(strchar);
        }
        Debug.Log(str);
        listReceive.Clear();
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 按字节进行读取，每次读一个字节存放在List里，
    /// </summary>
    void DataReceive()
    {
        while (port != null && port.IsOpen)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(500);
            try
            {
                byte addr = Convert.ToByte(port.ReadByte());
                port.DiscardInBuffer();
                listReceive.Add(addr);
                PrintData();
            }
            catch
            {
                //listReceive.Clear();
            }
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 可以读取多个字符，即字节数组；但是需要的平台的是.net 4.6
    /// 将 Scripting Runing Vision 和Api Compatibility都改为.Net 4.6
    /// </summary>
    private void PortReceive()
    {

        try
        {
            while (canRecieveMsg)
            {

                Thread.Sleep(25);//这行是设定读取间隔，可以根据需要不使用
                if (!port.IsOpen)
                    return;
                int datalength = port.BytesToRead;
                if (datalength == 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                int i = 0;
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                while (i < datalength)
                {
                    byte[] ds = new byte[1];
                    int len = port.Read(ds, 0, 1);
                    sb.Append(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ds, 0, len));
                    i += len;
                }
                Debug.Log(sb.ToString());
                //ProcessMsg(sb.ToString());
                //这里sb就是串口获取的数据
            }
        }
        catch { }
    }

    public void DataSend(string data)
    {
        port.Write(data);
    }
    private void OnGUI()
    {
        string test = "woshinibaba";
        if(GUILayout.Button("SendMessage"))
        {
            DataSend(test);
        }
    }
}

补充：XML文档

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<HeadSelect>
  <IP ip="192.168.xx.xx">
  </IP>
  <PORT port="8631">
  </PORT>
  <COM com="COM2">
  </COM>
</HeadSelect>

坑在代码里也注释了，
1、接收多个字符的时候代码运行环境和api应该是.net4.6。
2、还有就是Read()方法不会一次读完
3、线程的Sleep()方法是为了匹配程序的执行速度和返回速度。
tisp：代码复制即可运行。如果又说错的地方，欢迎指正！