OSPF与BFD联动配置

卓应

于 2025-03-19 10:57:43 发布

阅读量893

点赞数 5

文章标签：网络运维数据库

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lwljh134/article/details/146363573

版权

OSPF与BFD联动配置

1. 实验目的

如图1-12所示，全网运行OSPF，并且开启OSPF与BFD的联动，实现OSPF邻居故障时能够快速发现故障。

2. 实验拓扑

实验拓扑如图1-12所示。

图1-12 OSPF与BFD联动配置

3. 实验步骤

步骤1：IP地址的配置

AR1的配置

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

Info: Information center is disabled.

[Huawei]sysname AR1

[AR1]interface G0/0/0

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[AR1]interface g0/0/1

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.13.1 24

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[AR1]interface LoopBack 0

[AR1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32

[AR1-LoopBack0]quit

AR2的配置

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

Info: Information center is disabled.

[Huawei]sysname AR2

[AR2]interface g0/0/0

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.23.2 24

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[AR2]interface g0/0/1

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.12.2 24

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[AR2]interface LoopBack 0

[AR2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32

[AR2-LoopBack0]quit

AR3的配置

<Huwei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huwei]undo info-center enable

Info: Information center is disabled.

[Huwei]sysname AR3

[AR3]interface g0/0/0

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[AR3]interface g0/0/1

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.23.3 24

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[AR3]interface LoopBack 0

[AR3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32

[AR3-LoopBack0]quit

步骤2：运行OSPF

AR1的配置

[AR1]ospf router-id 1.1.1.1

[AR1-ospf-1]area 0

[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255

[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255

[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

AR2的配置

[AR2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2

[AR2-ospf-1]area 0

[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255

[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.23.0 0.0.0.255

[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

AR3的配置

[AR3]ospf router-id 3.3.3.3

[AR3-ospf-1]area 0

[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.0 0.0.0.255

[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.23.0 0.0.0.255

[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

步骤3：配置BFD

AR1的配置

[AR1]bfd //全局启用BFD

[AR1-bfd]quit

[AR1]ospf

[AR1-ospf-1]bfd all-interfaces enable //所有接口启用BFD

[AR1-ospf-1]bfd all-interfaces min-rx-interval 100 min-tx-interval 100 detect-multiplier 3 //本地最小接受间隔时间为100，本地最小发送间隔时间为100，BFD检测倍数为3。

[AR1-ospf-1]quit

AR2的配置

[AR2]bfd

[AR2-bfd]quit

[AR2]ospf

[AR2-ospf-1]bfd all-interfaces enable

[AR2-ospf-1]bfd all-interfaces min-rx-interval 100 min-tx-interval 100 detect-multiplier 3

[AR2-ospf-1]quit

【技术要点】BFD检测时间

BFD会话检测时长由TX（Desired Min TX Interval），RX（Required Min RX Interval），DM（Detect Multi）三个参数决定。BFD报文的实际发送时间间隔，实际接受时间间隔由BFD会话协商决定。

① 本地BFD报文实际发送时间间隔＝MAX { 本地配置的发送时间间隔，对端配置的接收时间间隔 }

② 本地BFD报文实际接收时间间隔＝MAX { 对端配置的发送时间间隔，本地配置的接收时间间隔 }

③ 本地BFD报文实际检测时间：

 异步模式：本地BFD报文实际检测时间＝本地BFD报文实际接收时间间隔×对端配置的BFD检测倍数

 查询模式：本地BFD报文实际检测时间 = 本地BFD报文实际接收时间间隔×本端配置的BFD检测倍数

步骤4：实验调试

查看bfd的详细信息

[AR1]display bfd session all verbose

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Session MIndex : 512 (One Hop) State : Up Name : dyn_8192

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Discriminator : 8192 Remote Discriminator : 8193

Session Detect Mode : Asynchronous Mode Without Echo Function

BFD Bind Type : Interface(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)

Bind Session Type : Dynamic

Bind Peer IP Address : 10.0.12.2

NextHop Ip Address : 10.0.12.2

Bind Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0

FSM Board Id : 0 TOS-EXP : 7

Min Tx Interval (ms) : 100 Min Rx Interval (ms) : 100

Actual Tx Interval (ms): 100 Actual Rx Interval (ms): 100

Local Detect Multi : 3 Detect Interval (ms) : 300

Echo Passive : Disable Acl Number : -

Destination Port : 3784 TTL : 255

Proc Interface Status : Disable Process PST : Disable

WTR Interval (ms) : -

Active Multi : 3

Last Local Diagnostic : No Diagnostic

Bind Application : OSPF

Session TX TmrID : - Session Detect TmrID : -

Session Init TmrID : - Session WTR TmrID : -

Session Echo Tx TmrID : -

PDT Index : FSM-0 | RCV-0 | IF-0 | TOKEN-0

Session Description : -

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Session MIndex : 513 (One Hop) State : Down Name : dyn_8193

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Discriminator : 8193 Remote Discriminator : 0

Session Detect Mode : Asynchronous Mode Without Echo Function

BFD Bind Type : Interface(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)

Bind Session Type : Dynamic

Bind Peer IP Address : 10.0.13.3

NextHop Ip Address : 10.0.13.3

Bind Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/1

FSM Board Id : 0 TOS-EXP : 7

Min Tx Interval (ms) : 100 Min Rx Interval (ms) : 100

Actual Tx Interval (ms): 13500 Actual Rx Interval (ms): 13500

Local Detect Multi : 3 Detect Interval (ms) : -

Echo Passive : Disable Acl Number : -

Destination Port : 3784 TTL : 255

Proc Interface Status : Disable Process PST : Disable

WTR Interval (ms) : -

Active Multi : -

Last Local Diagnostic : No Diagnostic

Bind Application : OSPF

Session TX TmrID : 2059 Session Detect TmrID : -

Session Init TmrID : - Session WTR TmrID : -

Session Echo Tx TmrID : -

PDT Index : FSM-1 | RCV-0 | IF-0 | TOKEN-0

Session Description : -

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total UP/DOWN Session Number : 1/1

查看OSPF的bfd会话

[AR1]display ospf bfd session all

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.12.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s BFD Sessions

NeighborId:2.2.2.2 AreaId:0.0.0.0 Interface:GigabitEthernet0/0/0

BFDState:up rx :100 tx :100

Multiplier:3 BFD Local Dis:8192 LocalIpAdd:10.0.12.1

RemoteIpAdd:10.0.12.2 Diagnostic Info:No diagnostic information

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.0.13.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)'s BFD Sessions

NeighborId:3.3.3.3 AreaId:0.0.0.0 Interface:GigabitEthernet0/0/1

BFDState:down rx :13500 tx :13500

Multiplier:0 BFD Local Dis:8193 LocalIpAdd:10.0.13.1

RemoteIpAdd:10.0.13.3 Diagnostic Info:No diagnostic information

【技术要点】

BFD与OSPF联动就是将BFD和OSPF协议关联起来，通过BFD对链路故障的快速感应进而通知OSPF协议，从而加快OSPF协议对于网络拓扑变化的响应。

关闭交换机的G0/0/1

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

Info: Information center is disabled.

[Huawei]sysname LSW1

[LSW1]interface g0/0/1

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

在AR1上查看BFD的信息

[AR1]display bfd session all verbose

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Session MIndex : 513 (One Hop) State : Down Name : dyn_8193

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Discriminator : 8193 Remote Discriminator : 0

Session Detect Mode : Asynchronous Mode Without Echo Function

BFD Bind Type : Interface(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)

Bind Session Type : Dynamic

Bind Peer IP Address : 10.0.13.3

NextHop Ip Address : 10.0.13.3

Bind Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/1

FSM Board Id : 0 TOS-EXP : 7

Min Tx Interval (ms) : 100 Min Rx Interval (ms) : 100

Actual Tx Interval (ms): 13500 Actual Rx Interval (ms): 13500

Local Detect Multi : 3 Detect Interval (ms) : -

Echo Passive : Disable Acl Number : -

Destination Port : 3784 TTL : 255

Proc Interface Status : Disable Process PST : Disable

WTR Interval (ms) : -

Active Multi : -

Last Local Diagnostic : No Diagnostic

Bind Application : OSPF

Session TX TmrID : 2059 Session Detect TmrID : -

Session Init TmrID : - Session WTR TmrID : -

Session Echo Tx TmrID : -

PDT Index : FSM-1 | RCV-0 | IF-0 | TOKEN-0

Session Description : -

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

如果没有BFD，OSPF的邻居关系检测要4个Hello包的时间，配置了BFD，检测是毫秒级的。

本文出自作者的《华为HCIE-Datacom认证实验指南》