本文介绍了一个使用C#编写的曲线图绘制类，通过该类可以轻松地根据输入的数据数组绘制出带有刻度、标题等元素的曲线图。文章提供了详细的源码及一个简单的测试示例。
曲线类返回一个画好的图片
曲线类源码开始－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Drawing;
namespace testPictureBox
{
public class CurvePaint
{
public CurvePaint() { }
//刻度线条数
private int _X_KeduCount=12;
private int _Y_KeduCount=12;
//刻度值位置对应刻度线左移像素
private float _X_valueStrMoveleft=5f;
private float _Y_valueStrMoveleft=45f;
//格式化刻度值
private string _X_Format = "#0.0";
private string _Y_Format = "#0.00";
//X轴刻度值文字方向
private bool _X_DirectionVertical = false;
public int XkeduCount
{
get { return _X_KeduCount; }
set { _X_KeduCount = value; }
}
public int YkeduCount
{
get { return _Y_KeduCount; }
set { _Y_KeduCount = value; }
}
public float XvalueStrMoveleft
{
get { return _X_valueStrMoveleft; }
set { _X_valueStrMoveleft = value; }
}
public float YvalueStrMoveleft
{
get { return _Y_valueStrMoveleft; }
set { _Y_valueStrMoveleft = value; }
}
public bool XdirectionVertical
{
get { return _X_DirectionVertical; }
set { _X_DirectionVertical = value; }
}
public string Xformat
{
get { return _X_Format; }
set { _X_Format = value; }
}
public string Yformat
{
get { return _Y_Format; }
set { _Y_Format = value; }
}
private void setExtremeValues(float[] arr, ref float smallestValue, ref float greatestValue)
{
if (arr == null || arr.Length == 0) throw new Exception("用于绘曲线图的数组为空");
smallestValue = arr[0];
greatestValue = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
if (smallestValue > arr[i]) smallestValue = arr[i];
if (greatestValue < arr[i]) greatestValue = arr[i];
}
}
private void setKeduStringArray( float[] keduArr, float increment)
{
for (int i = 1; i < keduArr.Length; i++)
{
keduArr[i] = keduArr[i - 1] + increment;
}
}
// 数据规格化f(x)=ax+b
private float Standard(float x, float A, float B,float C,float D)
{
return C * ( A * x + B)+ D;
}
public Bitmap drawCurve(float[] X_array, float[] Y_array, string chartTitle, string X_title, string Y_title)
{
//画图初始化
Bitmap bmap = new Bitmap(500, 500);//图片大小
Graphics gph = Graphics.FromImage(bmap);
gph.Clear(Color.White);
//曲线图左、下、右、上的空隙均为60像素
PointF cpt = new PointF(60f, bmap.Height - 60f);//坐标原点，坐标轴起始点（60,440）
PointF X_EndPoint = new PointF(bmap.Width - 60f, cpt.Y);//X轴终点(440,440)
PointF Y_EndPoint = new PointF(cpt.X, 60f);//Y轴终点(60,60)
//坐标轴三角形箭头
PointF[] xpt = new PointF[3] { new PointF(X_EndPoint.X + 15, X_EndPoint.Y), new PointF(X_EndPoint.X, X_EndPoint.Y - 4), new PointF(X_EndPoint.X, X_EndPoint.Y + 4) };//x轴三角形
PointF[] ypt = new PointF[3] { new PointF(Y_EndPoint.X, Y_EndPoint.Y - 15), new PointF(Y_EndPoint.X - 4, Y_EndPoint.Y), new PointF(Y_EndPoint.X + 4, Y_EndPoint.Y) };//y轴三角形
//画图表标题
gph.DrawString(chartTitle, new Font("宋体", 14), Brushes.Black, new PointF(Y_EndPoint.X + 60, Y_EndPoint.Y - 30));//图表标题
//画x轴三角箭头、标题
gph.DrawLine(Pens.Black, cpt.X, cpt.Y, X_EndPoint.X, X_EndPoint.Y);
gph.DrawPolygon(Pens.Black, xpt);
gph.FillPolygon(new SolidBrush(Color.Black), xpt);
gph.DrawString(X_title, new Font("宋体", 12), Brushes.Black, new PointF(X_EndPoint.X + 10, X_EndPoint.Y + 10));
//画y轴三角箭头、标题
gph.DrawLine(Pens.Black, cpt.X, cpt.Y, Y_EndPoint.X, Y_EndPoint.Y);
gph.DrawPolygon(Pens.Black, ypt);
gph.FillPolygon(new SolidBrush(Color.Black), ypt);
gph.DrawString(Y_title, new Font("宋体", 12), Brushes.Black, new PointF(0, Y_EndPoint.Y - 30));
float X_smallestValue = 0f, X_greatestValue = 0f;
float Y_smallestValue = 0f, Y_greatestValue = 0f;
//猎取横、纵坐标的最大最小值
setExtremeValues(X_array, ref X_smallestValue, ref X_greatestValue);
setExtremeValues(Y_array, ref Y_smallestValue, ref Y_greatestValue);
//增量＝（最大值－最小值）
float X_Increment = (X_greatestValue - X_smallestValue);
float Y_Increment = (Y_greatestValue - Y_smallestValue);
//平均增量＝（最大值－最小值）/刻度间隔数，刻度间隔数＝刻度线数－1
float X_AvgIncrement = X_Increment / (XkeduCount - 1);
float Y_AvgIncrement = Y_Increment / (YkeduCount - 1);
float[] X_KeduArr = new float[XkeduCount];//X轴刻度值
float[] Y_KeduArr = new float[YkeduCount];//Y轴刻度值
X_KeduArr[0] = X_smallestValue;
Y_KeduArr[0] = Y_smallestValue;
//给刻度值数组赋值
setKeduStringArray(X_KeduArr, X_AvgIncrement);
setKeduStringArray(Y_KeduArr, Y_AvgIncrement);
//刻度线起始位置
PointF X_KeduStart = new PointF(cpt.X + 30, cpt.Y); //(90,440) x轴第一根刻度线
PointF X_KeduEnd = new PointF(X_EndPoint.X - 10, X_EndPoint.Y); //(430,440) x轴最后一根刻度线
PointF Y_KeduStart = new PointF(cpt.X, cpt.Y - 30); //(60,410) y轴第一根刻度线
PointF Y_KeduEnd = new PointF(Y_EndPoint.X, Y_EndPoint.Y + 10); //(60,70) y轴最后一根刻度线
//刻度线位置坐标平均增量
float X_KeduIncrement = (X_KeduEnd.X - X_KeduStart.X) / (XkeduCount - 1);
float Y_KeduIncrement = (Y_KeduStart.Y - Y_KeduEnd.Y) / (YkeduCount - 1);
//设置X轴刻度值显示方向
StringFormat X_StringFormat=new StringFormat();
if (XdirectionVertical)
{
X_StringFormat.FormatFlags = StringFormatFlags.DirectionVertical;
}
//画x轴刻度线、刻度值
for (int i = 1; i <= XkeduCount; i++)
{
if (i == 1)
{
gph.DrawString(X_KeduArr[i - 1].ToString(Xformat), new Font("Times New Roman", 11), Brushes.Black, new PointF(X_KeduStart.X - XvalueStrMoveleft, X_KeduStart.Y + 5), X_StringFormat);// new StringFormat(StringFormatFlags.DirectionVertical));//最后一个参数实现文字竖排，默认为横排
gph.DrawLine(Pens.LightGray, X_KeduStart.X, X_KeduStart.Y, X_KeduStart.X, Y_EndPoint.Y);
}
else
{
gph.DrawString(X_KeduArr[i - 1].ToString(Xformat), new Font("Times New Roman", 11), Brushes.Black, new PointF(X_KeduStart.X + (i - 1) * X_KeduIncrement - XvalueStrMoveleft, cpt.Y + 5), X_StringFormat);// new StringFormat(StringFormatFlags.DirectionVertical));//最后一个参数实现文字竖排，默认为横排
gph.DrawLine(Pens.LightGray, X_KeduStart.X + (i - 1) * X_KeduIncrement, cpt.Y, X_KeduStart.X + (i - 1) * X_KeduIncrement, Y_EndPoint.Y);
}
}
//画y轴刻度线、刻度值
for (int i = 1; i <= YkeduCount; i++)
{
if (i == 1)
{
gph.DrawString(Y_KeduArr[i - 1].ToString(Yformat), new Font("Times New Roman", 11), Brushes.Black, new PointF(Y_KeduStart.X - YvalueStrMoveleft, Y_KeduStart.Y - 6));
gph.DrawLine(Pens.LightGray, Y_KeduStart.X, Y_KeduStart.Y, X_EndPoint.X, Y_KeduStart.Y);
}
else
{
gph.DrawString(Y_KeduArr[i - 1].ToString(Yformat), new Font("Times New Roman", 11), Brushes.Black, new PointF(Y_KeduStart.X - YvalueStrMoveleft, Y_KeduStart.Y - (i - 1) * Y_KeduIncrement - 6));
gph.DrawLine(Pens.LightGray, Y_KeduStart.X, Y_KeduStart.Y - (i - 1) * Y_KeduIncrement, X_EndPoint.X, Y_KeduStart.Y - (i - 1) * Y_KeduIncrement);
}
}
//(90,440) x轴第一根刻度线起点，(430,440) x轴最后一根刻度线起点，(60,410) y轴第一根刻度线起点， (60,70) y轴最后一根刻度线起点
//为了方便画图，将原二维数据规格化到固定的画图区间(90-430,70－410),规格化函数F(x) = A * x + B
//因为窗口Y轴坐标方向与正常坐标Y轴方向相反，故需要将Y坐标再变换一次，变换函数G(x) = C * x + D
//下面是X坐标变换因子A,B，Y坐标对应的变换因子A,B,C,D
float X_A = 340.0f / X_Increment;
float X_B = 90.0f - (340.0f * X_smallestValue) / X_Increment;
float Y_A = 340.0f / Y_Increment;
float Y_B = 70.0f - (340.0f * Y_smallestValue) / Y_Increment;
float Y_C = -1f, Y_D = 480f;
for (int i = 1; i <= Y_array.Length; i++)
{
//画点
gph.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, Standard(X_array[i - 1], X_A, X_B, 1, 0) - 1.5f, Standard(Y_array[i - 1], Y_A, Y_B, Y_C, Y_D) - 1.5f, 3, 3);
gph.FillEllipse(new SolidBrush(Color.Black), Standard(X_array[i - 1], X_A, X_B, 1, 0) - 1.5f, Standard(Y_array[i - 1], Y_A, Y_B, Y_C, Y_D) - 1.5f, 3, 3);
//画数值
gph.DrawString(Y_array[i - 1].ToString(), new Font("Times New Roman", 11), Brushes.Black, new PointF(Standard(X_array[i - 1], X_A, X_B, 1, 0), Standard(Y_array[i - 1], Y_A, Y_B, Y_C, Y_D)));
//画折线
if (i > 1) gph.DrawLine(Pens.Red, Standard(X_array[i - 2], X_A, X_B, 1, 0), Standard(Y_array[i - 2], Y_A, Y_B, Y_C, Y_D), Standard(X_array[i - 1], X_A, X_B, 1, 0), Standard(Y_array[i - 1], Y_A, Y_B, Y_C, Y_D));
}
return bmap;
//保存输出图片
}
static public Bitmap drawCurveOnImage(float[] X_array, float[] Y_array, string chartTitle, string X_title, string Y_title)
{
CurvePaint CI = new CurvePaint();
return CI.drawCurve(X_array, Y_array, chartTitle, X_title, Y_title);
}
static public Bitmap drawCurveOnImage(float[] X_array, float[] Y_array, string chartTitle, string X_title, string Y_title,int X_KeduCount, int Y_KeduCount)
{
CurvePaint CI = new CurvePaint();
CI.XkeduCount = X_KeduCount;
CI.YkeduCount = Y_KeduCount;
return CI.drawCurve(X_array, Y_array, chartTitle, X_title, Y_title);
}
static public Bitmap drawCurveOnImage(float[] X_array, float[] Y_array, string chartTitle, string X_title, string Y_title,int X_KeduCount, int Y_KeduCount, float X_valueStrMoveleft, float Y_valueStrMoveleft,bool X_DirectionVertical)
{
CurvePaint CI = new CurvePaint();
CI.XkeduCount = X_KeduCount;
CI.YkeduCount = Y_KeduCount;
CI.XvalueStrMoveleft = X_valueStrMoveleft;
CI.YvalueStrMoveleft = Y_valueStrMoveleft;
CI._X_DirectionVertical = X_DirectionVertical;
return CI.drawCurve(X_array, Y_array, chartTitle, X_title, Y_title);
}
}
}
曲线类源码结束－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
测试工程源码开始－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace testPictureBox
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void picBox_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
float[] month = new float[12];
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
{
month[i] = i+1;
}
float[] d = new float[12] { 20.5f, 60, 10.8f, 15.6f, 30, 70.9f, 50.3f, 30.7f, 70, 50.4f, 30.8f, 20 };
picBox.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.Zoom;
CurvePaint cp = new CurvePaint();
cp.XkeduCount = 10;
cp.YkeduCount = 10;
cp.XvalueStrMoveleft = 15;
picBox.Image = cp.drawCurve(month, d, "某工厂某产品月生产量图表", "月份", "产量（万）");
}
}
}
测试工程源码结束－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
这里的测试工程在VS2005下，新建一个windows窗口工程testPictureBox，拖入一个picturebox控件，命名为picBox。在picBox的paint事件中调用曲线类得到画好的曲线图片，将该图片载入picturebox即可。
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