Python 打包,entry_points的使用

本文介绍了如何使用Python的setup.py将源代码打包成egg包,并通过entry_points生成可直接运行的命令行工具。通过案例展示了正确打包方法,执行`python setup.py install`后,会生成一个名为say的可执行文件,运行时可以像普通shell命令一样调用,提高了项目中命令行工具的管理和维护效率。

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案例:如何将source code制作成一个egg包,并且生成可以直接运行的命令

目录结构:

(build02) louis@jenkins:~/.virtualenv/pactest$ tree ci_test/
ci_test/

目录层级:
(build02) louis@jenkins:~/.virtualenv/pactest$ tree ci_test/
ci_test/
├── hello.py
├── __init__.py
└── utils
    ├── bye.py
    └── __init__.py


1 directory, 4 files
1.hello.py
from .utils import saybye


def main():
    print('hello')
    saybye()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
2.ci_test/__init__.py
空
3.utils/__init__.py 
from .bye import saybye
4. utils/bye.py:
def saybye():
    print('bye')
5. setup.py 与ci_test/ 同级
from setuptools import setup, find_packages  
  
setup(  
    name = "eggtest",  
    version = "0.1",  
    packages = find_packages(),  
  
    description = "egg test demo",  
    long_description = "egg test demo",  
    author = "lidehong",  
    author_email = "idehong@gmail.com",  
  
    license = "GPL",  
    keywords = ("test", "egg"),  
    platforms = "Independant",  
    url = "http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hong201/",
    entry_points = {
        'console_scripts': [
            'say = ci_test.hello:main',
        ]
    }
)

6.执行命令 python setup.py install

则会在当前python解释器所在的目录下面生成,say 可执行文件 

./say 运行:

hello
bye

以上是实验成功的一种打包方式。错误的打包方式不说了(本人蹲了一天的坑)。直接生成可执行的命令。在运行的时候以常见的shell命令的样子调用,比起python script.py调用的方式更加优雅。重要的是在一个比较大的项目里面可能要提供很多类似的console 命令行形式,这时候这种打包安装的方式就更加有效,也容易管理维护。




colcon build Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/wheeltec/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2872, in get_entry_map ep_map = self._ep_map File "/home/wheeltec/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2834, in __getattr__ raise AttributeError(attr) AttributeError: _ep_map During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/colcon", line 11, in <module> load_entry_point('colcon-core==0.8.3', 'console_scripts', 'colcon')() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/colcon_core/command.py", line 118, in main return _main(command_name=command_name, argv=argv) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/colcon_core/command.py", line 143, in _main parser = create_parser('colcon_core.environment_variable') File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/colcon_core/command.py", line 240, in create_parser get_environment_variables_epilog( File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/colcon_core/command.py", line 289, in get_environment_variables_epilog entry_points = load_entry_points(group_name) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/colcon_core/entry_point.py", line 116, in load_entry_points for entry_point in get_entry_points(group_name).values(): File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/colcon_core/entry_point.py", line 94, in get_entry_points for entry_point in iter_entry_points(group=group_name): File "/home/wheeltec/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 662, in <genexpr> for entry in dist.get_entry_map(group).values() File "/home/wheeltec/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2874, in get_entry_map ep_map = self._ep_map = EntryPoint.parse_map( File "/home/wheeltec/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2559, in parse_map raise ValueError("Entry points must be listed in groups") ValueError: Entry points must be listed in groups
最新发布
07-10
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