Linked List Cycle II

本文介绍了一种寻找链表中循环起点的高效算法,通过让快慢指针相遇,利用数学推导简化时间复杂度,实现O(n)的时间效率。详细解释了原理并提供了C++代码实现。

Given a linked list, return the node where the cycle begins. If there is no cycle, return null.

Follow up:

Can you solve it without using extra space?

上一篇说到判断一个链表中是否有循环很简单,但是要找到节点的位置却需要技巧,一开始,我用了两个循环来做,即每前进一个节点就从头判断是否有节点等于此时节点的下一个,但是这样的时间复杂度为O(n2),直接导致时间超时。是在想不出来了,就很不自觉地到网上搜索了一下,看到有个很厉害的,很绝妙的解释:


假设在红色凸起的地方相遇了。

F走的路程应该是S的两倍

S = x + y

F = x + y + z + y = x + 2y + z

2*S = F

2x+2y = x + 2y + z

得到x = z

也就是从head到环开始的路程 = 从相遇到环开始的路程

那么。。。只要S和F相遇了,我们拿一个从头开始走,一个从相遇的地方开始走

两个都走一步,那么再次相遇必定是环的开始节点!

真是佩服死这个人了!!!!!!!!然后自己编辑代码如下:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;


struct ListNode {
     int val;
ListNode *next;
ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
};

class Solution {
public:
ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
if(head==NULL)return NULL;
ListNode *tmpFast = head;
ListNode *tmpSlow = head;
do 
{
if(tmpFast!=NULL)
{
tmpFast = tmpFast->next;
}
if(tmpFast!=NULL)
{
tmpFast = tmpFast->next;
}
if(tmpFast==NULL)
return NULL;
tmpSlow = tmpSlow->next;
}while (tmpFast != tmpSlow);
tmpSlow = head;
while (tmpFast != tmpSlow)
{
tmpFast = tmpFast->next;
tmpSlow = tmpSlow->next;
}
return tmpFast;
}
};


void main()
{
ListNode *a = new ListNode(-1);
a->next = new ListNode(-7);
a->next->next = new ListNode(7);
a->next->next->next =  new ListNode(-4);
a->next->next->next->next = new ListNode(19);
a->next->next->next->next->next = new ListNode(6);
a->next->next->next->next->next->next =  new ListNode(-9);
a->next->next->next->next->next->next->next = new ListNode(-5);
a->next->next->next->next->next->next->next->next = new ListNode(-2);
a->next->next->next->next->next->next->next->next->next =  new ListNode(-5);
a->next->next->next->next->next->next->next->next->next->next = a->next->next->next->next->next->next;
Solution s;
ListNode *b = s.detectCycle(a);
while(1);
}



1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
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