程序员的出路

本文探讨了程序员在30岁之后的发展方向,包括成为技术大拿、行业专家或转向管理岗位的可能性,并提供了对于不同路径选择的深入分析。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

程序员的出路

最近有两个关于程序员的新闻让不少IT人都欢乐了一把,一是原新浪微博某PHP程序员改行卖水果后,不但眼镜摘了,人变白了,连头发都长出来了;还有一个就是原某网游公司的程序员离职卖起了"程序猿烧饼",收入可观,不但买房买车,还娶了漂亮的"烧饼西施",让人好生羡慕!

程序员们读到这两则新闻,估计心里就像打翻了五味瓶一样,不知是个啥滋味。难道我们都要去摆摊卖水果和烧饼吗?显然不现实。大部分程序员还得在IT领域继续耕耘、打拼。

上例说明,不是每个程序员都需要当项目经理,也不是每个程序员都想当项目经理,更不是每个程序员都能当项目经理。因此,当不当项目经理,可以说是一个"要不要、想不想、能不能"的问题。

想不想,是一个意愿的问题。这是前提,毕竟强扭的瓜不甜嘛。显然,富二代一般是不想当项目经理的,因为他们想直接当总裁。还有些人,只想钻研技术,不想钻研人,他们也是不会想当项目经理的。如果你没有意愿当项目经理,也就没有讨论的必要了。什么,你不知道想不想?呃,那就继续往下读吧,也许读着读着,你就想明白了。

能不能,是能力的问题。这不是关键,因为只要有意愿,能力是可以培养的。程序员连复杂得让人琢磨不透的软件都能搞定,还有什么搞不定的?

因此最后落实在需不需要这个问题上。这个问题很棘手,需要从程序员自身以及外部环境等方面进行分析。要讨论这个问题,就要弄清楚它和想不想的关系。想和需要是紧密相关的,但并不是一回事。想不想,主要是感情的因素,而需不需要则要进行理智的分析了。理智与感情,并不总是一致的。有些东西,是你需要的,但你未必想要。比如,被困沙漠的时候,有时被逼喝自己的尿液,这是理智战胜了感情。电影《色戒》中的汤唯,则是感情战胜了理智,爱上了敌人,最后造成了悲剧的结局。因此,我们还是少说气话了,不要冲动,冷静地分析自己的处境吧。

那程序员到了30岁,怎样提高自己的不可替代性呢?我们打算做一辈子程序员吗?敢问路在何方?

作为一个过来人、一个资深程序员,我觉得有几个方向可以选择。

一、成为技术大拿

其实,做一辈子程序员并没有什么问题,重要的是,你必须成为一个不可替代的程序员,也就是说,你要成为技术大拿,能够解决普通程序员所不能解决的问题。技术大拿有两个版本。

一是程序员加强版。你仍然是一个程序员,但你是一个很牛的程序员,凭借多年的积累,你在知识广度和深度方面均已不是等闲之辈。从汇编到Java,你样样精通。你在意数据结构和算法,对系统的优化有独到见解,对设计模式如数家珍,你还有完备的工具箱和自己的专用类库。其实,加强版程序员有非常独特的价值,可惜的是,在现实中却很少见,因为对任何一个公司而言,人才总是很稀缺的。老板的眼睛是雪亮的,他怎么会对你这种技术大牛视而不见呢,在你还没有成为真正的大拿之前,早已经被任命为系统架构师、项目经理或者更高的职位了。因此,你想守住自己的一亩三分地,悠闲地做自己的大拿,往往是不可能的。

二是程序员升级版。虽然你的内在仍然是一个程序员,但你的职位已经升级了,你成为了系统分析师或系统架构师。这是非常自然和现实的选择。程序员与系统分析师或架构师之间并设有鸿沟,只需一步而已,你就可以从崎岖山路驶向宽阔的大马路。但跨越这一步却并不容易,需要几年的时间不断思考、学习、实践,才能化蛹成蝶。

二、成为行业专家

行业专家也是一个公司不可或缺的角色,他们对公司的行业知识、业务流程和细节都了如指掌。行业专家一般并不是从外部招聘的一个只懂业务、不懂技术的超人,而往往是从程序员经过多年的摸爬滚打成长起来的。作为从程序员成长起来的行业专家,你往往还肩负着系统分析师之职。在公司里,对业务有一般了解的人很多,但专家级别的往往很少,为了后30年的职业生涯,你必须成为专家。

三、朝管理方向发展

向管理方向发展的第一步,一般是被任命为项目经理。在大部分IT公司里,项目经理是最小的管理岗位了,可能你不会觉得有太多惊喜,工资也可能并没有大的提升,但这个转变,可以说会成为你一生中最重要的转变之一。

不要小看了项目经理。有人说,项目经理是一个古老的职业。也有人说,21世纪是项目管理的世纪。事实上,从有人类以来,就一直有项目管理。原始社会的项目经理可能是部落首领,一次集体打猎、一次攻城拔寨,都可以视为一个项目。项目管理的知识可以应用到我们生活的方方面面,大至登月计划的实施,小至家庭聚会的组织,都离不开项目管理。

一个优秀的项目经理,不仅需要高智商,而且还需要高情商。可以不夸张地说,如果你能胜任项目管理,你就可以胜任战术层的所有管理岗位,甚至你的家庭生活质量,也会提高到新的层次。

然而,要成为一名优秀的项目经理,并不是一件容易的事情,甚至需要一定的天分,有些人无师自通,有些人却怎么也学不会。程序员属于高智商人群,情商却往往存在不足,这注定了只有少数程序员能够成长为项目经理;成为优秀的项目经理的,就更加稀少了。

如果你觉得这几方面都不合适,那你还有几条出路。

一是塌塌实实混日子。说老实话,做老实人,办老实事,拿老实的工资,这种员工公司也是非常需要的,一般不会遭遇炒鱿鱼的命运。

二是转行或者创业。因为这个行业已经不再适合你,已经没有更大的发展前途,只能转行。如果可以转行,未必是坏事,也许在新的环境中,可以激发出更强的能量,创造出一番事业来。至于创业,那就更具有挑战性了,建议你在创业之前,已经成为了一名优秀的项目经理。试想,如果转不动一个项目,如何能转动一个公司?

iphone5s拆机方法图解-多图 独家:iphone5s拆机方法图解--共37图 Step 1 — iPhone 5s Teardown • [size=1em]An iPhone release means a trip to the future—the iFixit teardown crew has traveled 17 hours forward in time to get the iPhone 5s early. • [size=1em]We want to send out a big thanks to our good friends at MacFixit Australia for letting us use their office in Melbourne for the teardown. They stock Mac and iPhone upgrades/accessories, and also carry ouriFixit toolkits. o [size=1em]To cover all our bases, we confirmed with our best linguists that the 5s upside-down is still the 5s. • [size=1em]Speaking of toolkits, for this teardown, we'll be using iFixit's brand-new Pro Tech Screwdriver Set. Step 2 • [size=1em]As we ready ourselves to delve into the delightful innards of the 5s, let's check out some of its tech specs: o [size=1em]Apple A7 processor with 64-bit architecture o [size=1em]M7 motion co-processor o [size=1em]16, 32, or 64 GB Storage o [size=1em]4-inch retina display with 326 ppi o [size=1em]8 MP iSight camera (with larger 1.5μ pixels) and a 1.2MP FaceTime camera. o [size=1em]Fingerprint identity sensor built into the home button o [size=1em]Available in three different colors: space gray, silver, and gooooooold (or as we call them, Not-at-all-the-Color-of-Space, Second Place Medal, and Bling!). Step 3 • [size=1em]Apple continues the everlasting trend of locking users out with pentalobular screws. Luckily, we came prepared. We whip out our trusty iPhone 5 Liberation Kit, and to our pleasant surprise, it works! • [size=1em]Unfortunately, we are ill-equipped in the color department, as we only have silver and black replacement Phillips screws. o [size=1em]We are currently involved in heavy lobbying to our product designers to create 14k gold replacement screws. They'll be $50 each and strip the first time you try to unscrew them, so they will be perfect for the iPhone. Stay posted. • [size=1em]With our iPhone 5s sufficiently liberated, it reminds us of another polka-dotted iPhone teardown coming in the near future… Step 4 • [size=1em]We're done screwing around; it's time to get this baby open! Just like last year, we enlist the help of a suction cup to free the display assembly from the rear casing. • [size=1em]Unlike last year, we make use of some gentle spudgering, just in case… Step 5 • [size=1em]Our careful spudgering paid off. At the bottom of the phone, a cable connects the Touch ID sensor in the home button to the Lightning port assembly. o [size=1em]This adds a small element of danger to disassembly, as pulling too hard on the suction cup could cause accidental damage to the cable. • [size=1em]We survive this first booby trap and swiftly disconnect the Touch ID cable connector with the help of a spudger. • [size=1em]Alas, our first peek at the internal layout of the 5s. Comparing it to the iPhone 5, we spot very few differences, the main one being the lack of a battery removal pull-tab. Step 6 • [size=1em]With our favorite screwdriver set, we remove a few metal connector covers and embark on the epic battle of battery removal. • [size=1em]The missing battery pull-tab, though seemingly innocuous, indicates a bigger problem for battery repair: glue. • [size=1em]Perhaps the "s" in 5s stands for "stuck," as in "this battery is stuck in with a lot of glue," or "I hope you didn't want to replace your battery—you're going to be stuck with this one." • [size=1em]While we'd love a tool-less battery removal as we've seen in other phones, we settle for thermal battery removal via an iOpener. • [size=1em]Holy adhesive! It appears Apple ditched the minimal adhesive in the iPhone 5 in favor of those two huge white runways of adhesive holding the 5s(tuck) battery in place. Step 7 • [size=1em]The 5s has a claimed 10 hours of talk time on 3G, but there are rumbles that iOS 7 isn't doing you any favors. • [size=1em]The gold unit from Desay Battery Co., Ltd in Huizhou, China sports a 3.8V - 5.92Wh - 1560mAh battery. Comparatively: o [size=1em]iPhone 5: 3.8 V - 1440 mAh - 5.45 Wh. Talk time: Up to 8 hours on 3G. Standby time: Up to 225 hours. o [size=1em]Samsung Galaxy S4: 3.8 V - 2600 mAh - 9.88 Wh. Talk time: up to 7 hours. Standby time: Up to 300 hours. o [size=1em]Motorola Moto X: 3.8 V - 2200 mAh - 8.4 Wh. 24 hours of "mixed usage." • [size=1em]It appears different units sport different battery manufacturers; our "space-gray" spare (right) comes to us from Simplo Technology Inc. Step 8 • [size=1em]With the battery safely removed, we turn to the next step in our disassembly journey: removing the(unchanged) 326 ppi Retina display assembly. • [size=1em]A few flicks of a spudger to disconnect the FaceTime camera, digitizer, and LCD cables, and the display is free. o [size=1em]Looking for some tech specs on the display? Well look no further! In fact, just look backwards…to the iPhone 5. Despite the trend in almost every other smartphone release, the iPhone 5s display is no bigger, better, or badder than the 5. Step 9 • [size=1em]We quickly extract the home button and Touch ID, Apple's new fingerprint scanner. Time to dust for prints! o [size=1em]A CMOS chip, the Touch ID is essentially a bunch of very small capacitors that creates an "image" of the ridges on your finger. • [size=1em]The sensor technology, developed by AuthenTecand bought by Apple a year ago, reportedly stores your fingerprints locally, so giving your iPhone the finger will not make it all the way back to Cupertino. • [size=1em]We worry about how well the sapphire crystal covering the sensor can protect it from degrading over time like most CMOS fingerprint sensors. If not, it could become a ticking time bomb, just like that super-glued battery. Step 10 • [size=1em]We uncover the iSight camera. • [size=1em]The back of the iSight camera is labeled DNL333 41WGRF 4W61W. • [size=1em]According to our good friend Jim Morrison, Vice President of the Technology Analysis Group atChipworks, "the DNL markings are consistent with the markings on the camera modules housing the Sony IMX145 we saw in the iPhone 4s and on the iPhone 5. The marks on the side of the module are different, but our industry insiders tell us this is Sony's again" • [size=1em]As Apple has stated the pixel pitch on this camera is 1.5 μ, this sensor should not be the IMX145, but a newer variant. • [size=1em]The bottom of the camera is labeled AW32 65BD 4511 b763. Step 11 • [size=1em]For those of us counting steps and comparing with last year, we're unsurprisingly right on par. • [size=1em]A great example of Apple's iterative design, the 5s shows some streamlining and optimization in its internal construction. • [size=1em]Gone are those silly antenna interconnect cables, leaving one less thing to break or get accidentally disconnected. o [size=1em]If only they had decided to move that antenna connector from the bottom of the logic board to the top... Step 12 • [size=1em]Looks like we found a Murata 339S0205 Wi-Fi module (based on the Broadcom BCM4334, according to Chipworks). • [size=1em]Again comparing our 16 and 64 GB models: o [size=1em]It seems that the Murata IC is the same between both iPhone 5s'. o [size=1em]The design of both logic boards may be identical, but slight differences in markings (e.g. 94V-0 on the rightmost, nonexistent on the leftmost) may indicate that Apple is manufacturing the 5s logic boards at multiple locations. Step 13 ¶ • [size=1em]Open ses-EMI! Behold, IC treasures identified: o [size=1em]SK Hynix H2JTDG8UD3MBR 128 Gb (16 GB) NAND Flash o [size=1em]Qualcomm PM8018 RF power management IC o [size=1em]TriQuint TQM6M6224 o [size=1em]Apple 338S1216 o [size=1em]Broadcom BCM5976 touchscreen controller o [size=1em]Texas Instruments 37C64G1 o [size=1em]Skyworks 77810 Step 14 • [size=1em]More ICs! o [size=1em]Skyworks 77355 o [size=1em]Avago A790720 o [size=1em]Avago A7900 o [size=1em]Apple 338S120L • [size=1em]A super-awesome thanks to the Chipworks team for helping us decode and discern these delightful devices! Step 15 • [size=1em]Turning our attention to the backside of the logic board: o [size=1em]Apple A7 APL0698 SoC (based on thisMacRumors post, the markings F8164A1PD indicate the RAM is likely 1GB) o [size=1em]Qualcomm MDM9615M LTE Modem o [size=1em]Qualcomm WTR1605LLTE/HSPA+/CDMA2K/TDSCDMA/EDGE/GPS transceiver. • [size=1em]As we search for a much-anticipated M7 coprocessor, we begin to wonder if it actually is a separate IC, or if it is additional functionality built into the A7. o [size=1em]Maybe the "M" stands for "magical," the M7 is invisible, and Apple does use pixie dust to hold the device together. Or perhaps the "M" stands for "marketing"… o [size=1em]Update: the M7 has been found! • [size=1em]Our A7 was fabbed in July. Step 16 • [size=1em]It's time to investigate the new kid on the block, and it's fly like an A7. Along with the fingerprint sensor, the A7 is a major enticement for consumers to pick the 5s over the 5c. • [size=1em]The A7 is advertised as providing twice the performance of the 5 (and 5c)'s A6 processor. o [size=1em]The switch to the A7 marks the first use of a 64-bit processor in a smartphone. Based on AnandTech's review, it seems that the bulk of the A7's performance gains do not come from any advantages inherent to a 64-bit architecture, but rather from the switch from the outdated ARMv7 instruction set to the newly-designed ARMv8. o [size=1em]The modern ARMv8 instruction set was designed for a 64-bit architecture. It does away with the legacy support of the last 20 years, which increases efficiency, improving performance without sacrificing battery life. • [size=1em]We'll have to wait until we get inside the chip to find out who manufactured it. Step 17 • [size=1em]Time for your close-up, selfie cam! • [size=1em]A few screws hold the 1.2MP FaceTime camera in place. • [size=1em]While the updated pixel size in the iSight camera may get a lot of attention, DIY paparazzi is what bling iPhones are all about. Step 18 • [size=1em]The lower peripherals on the 5s look very similar to those in the 5, though the speaker assembly comes out with slightly more ease in this iteration. • [size=1em]With the speaker assembly out, the headphone jack/microphone/Lightning connector assembly comes out easily. o [size=1em]As with previous generations, you will have to replace multiple components at once, since the design is not modular. Step 19 • [size=1em]We find another hardware update: the new dual flash. • [size=1em]White and amber LEDs sit by the camera to balance the flash-induced ghostly tones of night-life photography. Step 20 • [size=1em]iPhone 5s Repairability: 6 out of 10 (10 is easiest to repair) • [size=1em]Just like in the iPhone 5, the display assembly is the first component out of the phone, simplifying screen replacements. • [size=1em]The battery is still fairly easy to access, even though it's not technically "user replaceable." • [size=1em]The battery has lost the 5's convenient pull tab, and gained more resilient adhesive—it now requires heat and prying to remove. • [size=1em]The fingerprint sensor cable could be easily ripped out of its socket if a user is not careful while opening the phone. • [size=1em]The iPhone 5s still uses Pentalobe screws on the exterior, making the 5s difficult to open. • [size=1em]The front glass, digitizer, and LCD are all one component, thereby increasing cost of repair.
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值