ESP32 基础

1.ESP32保存路径不要有空格和中文
ESP32推荐学习网站：
https://lingshunlab.com/book/esp32/esp32-pinout-reference

ESP32 – GPIO 引脚参考大全 – 凌顺实验室

正点原子ESP

1.ESP32--LED闪烁实验

from machine import Pin
import  time
LED=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)#GPIO2，设置为输出模式，输入模式为Pin.IN

while True:
    LED.value(1)
    time.sleep(0.5)
    LED.value(0)
    time.sleep(0.5)

2.ESP32--LED流水灯

from machine import Pin
import  time
led_pin=[2,3,4,5]#定义GPIO口，设置为输出模式，输入模式为Pin.IN
leds=[]#led列表，保存管脚配置对象
for i in range(4):
    leds.append(Pin(led_pin[i],Pin.OUT))
#leds=[Pin(led_pin[i],Pin.OUT) for i in range(0,4)]
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    
    for n in range(4):#初始化0
        leds[n].value(0)
        #逐个点亮
    while True:
        for n in range(4):
            leds[n].value(1)
            time.sleep(0.25)
             #逐个熄灭
        for n in range(4):
            leds[n].value(0)
            time.sleep(0.25)

3.ESP32--蜂鸣器beep实验

from machine import Pin
import  time
beep=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)#GPIO2，设置为输出模式，输入模式为Pin.IN

if __name__=="__main__":
    i=0
    while True:
        i= not i
        beep.value(i)
        time.sleep_us(100000)


"""
while True:
    beep.value(1)
    time.sleep(0.5)
    beep.value(0)
    time.sleep(0.5)

4.ESP32-按键实验

from machine import Pin
import  time
key1=Pin(4,Pin.IN,Pin.PULL_UP)#GPIO2，设置为输出模式，输入模式为Pin.IN,设置为上拉
key2=Pin(5,Pin.IN,Pin.PULL_UP)


led1=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)
led2=Pin(3,Pin.OUT)

KEY1_RPESS,KEY2_RPESS=1,2
key_en=1
def key_scan():
    global key_en
    if key_en==1 and (key1.value()==0 or key2.value()==0):
        time.sleep_ms(10)   #消抖
        key=0
        if key1.value()==0:   #key1按下
            return KEY1_RPESS
        elif key2.value()==0: #key2按下
            return KEY2_RPESS
    elif key1.value()==1 and key2.value()==1:
        key_en=1
    return 0
        
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    key=0
    i_led1,i_led2=0,0#状态变量，
    led1.value(i_led1)#熄灭
    led1.value(i_led2)
    
    while True:
        key=key_scan()
        if key==KEY1_RPESS:
            i_led1=not i_led1
            led1.value(i_led1)
        elif key==KEY2_RPESS:
            i_led2=not i_led2
            led2.value(i_led2)
     

5.ESP32-中断实验

外部中断，通过按键来控制LED灯

6.ESP32-定时器实验

 中断定时器实验;

from machine import Pin
from machine import  Timer
led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)

led_state=0

def time0_irq(time0):    #定时器0中断函数
    global led_state
    led_state=not led_state
    led.value(led_state)
    

if __name__=="__main__":
   
    led.value(led_state)
    time0=Timer(1)
    time0.init(period=200,mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=time0_irq)
    
    while True:
        pass

7.ESP32--PWM呼吸灯

 PWM呼吸灯实验；

from machine import Pin
from machine import PWM
import  time
pwm=PWM(Pin(2),freq=1000, duty=0)#GPIO2，设置为输出模式，输入模式为Pin.IN

if __name__=="__main__":
    duty_value=0
    fx=1
    while True:
        if fx==1:
            duty_value+=2
            if duty_value>1010:
                fx=0
        else:
            duty_value-=2
            if duty_value<1:
                fx=1
        pwm.duty(duty_value)
        time.sleep_ms(10)

8.ESP32--UART串口

UART串口实验：

from machine import Pin
from machine import UART
import  time
uart=UART(2,115200,rx=16,tx=17)

if __name__=="__main__":
    uart.write("Hello wrold")
    while True:
        if uart.any():
            text=uart.read(128)
            uart.write(text)

9.ESP32--ADC

  ADC实验：

from machine import Pin
from machine import ADC
from machine import Timer#使用定时器定时采集

adc=ADC(Pin(15))
led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)
adc.atten(ADC.ATTN_11DB)#开启衰减，量程最大3.3V

led_state=0

def time0_irq(time0):
    global led_state
    led_state = not led_state
    led.value(led_state)
    
    adc_vol=3.3*adc.read()/4095  #12位精度，3.3*AD/2^12
    print("ADC检测电压：%.2fV",adc_vol)
    
def LED_irq(time0):
    global led_state
    led_state = not led_state
    led.value(led_state)
    
if __name__=="__main__":
   #定时器0用于定期采集电压
    time0=Timer(0)
    time0.init(period=500,mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=time0_irq)
    #定时器1用于指示灯
    time1=Timer(1)
    time1.init(period=250,mode=Timer.PERIODIC,callback=LED_irq)
    while True:
        pass

10.ESP32--RTC

11.DHT11温湿度传感器

DHT11实验：

from machine import Pin
import time
import dht

dht11=dht.DHT11(Pin(15))

if __name__=="__main__":
    
   #定时器0用于定期采集电压
    time.sleep(1)#先稳定传感器
    while True:
        dht11.measure()
        temp = dht11.temperature()
        humi=dht11.humidity()
        if temp==None:
            print("检测失败")
        else:
            print("温度:%d C   湿度:%d RH",temp,humi)
        time.sleep(2)#延时确保传感器正常工作

12.ESP32-OLED

ssd1306.py

#MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces created by Adafruit

import framebuf

# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST        = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON       = const(0xa4)
SET_NORM_INV        = const(0xa6)
SET_DISP            = const(0xae)
SET_MEM_ADDR        = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR        = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR       = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP       = const(0xa0)
SET_MUX_RATIO       = const(0xa8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR     = const(0xc0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET     = const(0xd3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG     = const(0xda)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV    = const(0xd5)
SET_PRECHARGE       = const(0xd9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL      = const(0xdb)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP     = const(0x8d)


class SSD1306:
    def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.external_vcc = external_vcc
        self.pages = self.height // 8
        # Note the subclass must initialize self.framebuf to a framebuffer.
        # This is necessary because the underlying data buffer is different
        # between I2C and SPI implementations (I2C needs an extra byte).
        self.poweron()
        self.init_display()

    def init_display(self):
        for cmd in (
            SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
            # address setting
            SET_MEM_ADDR, 0x00, # horizontal
            # resolution and layout
            SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
            SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
            SET_MUX_RATIO, self.height - 1,
            SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
            SET_DISP_OFFSET, 0x00,
            SET_COM_PIN_CFG, 0x02 if self.height == 32 else 0x12,
            # timing and driving scheme
            SET_DISP_CLK_DIV, 0x80,
            SET_PRECHARGE, 0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xf1,
            SET_VCOM_DESEL, 0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
            # display
            SET_CONTRAST, 0xff, # maximum
            SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
            SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
            # charge pump
            SET_CHARGE_PUMP, 0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
            SET_DISP | 0x01): # on
            self.write_cmd(cmd)
        self.fill(0)
        self.show()

    def poweroff(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)

    def contrast(self, contrast):
        self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
        self.write_cmd(contrast)

    def invert(self, invert):
        self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

    def show(self):
        x0 = 0
        x1 = self.width - 1
        if self.width == 64:
            # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
            x0 += 32
            x1 += 32
        self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(x0)
        self.write_cmd(x1)
        self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(0)
        self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
        self.write_framebuf()

    def fill(self, col):
        self.framebuf.fill(col)

    def pixel(self, x, y, col):
        self.framebuf.pixel(x, y, col)

    def scroll(self, dx, dy):
        self.framebuf.scroll(dx, dy)

    def text(self, string, x, y, col=1):
        self.framebuf.text(string, x, y, col)


class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3c, external_vcc=False):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.addr = addr
        self.temp = bytearray(2)
        # Add an extra byte to the data buffer to hold an I2C data/command byte
        # to use hardware-compatible I2C transactions.  A memoryview of the
        # buffer is used to mask this byte from the framebuffer operations
        # (without a major memory hit as memoryview doesn't copy to a separate
        # buffer).
        self.buffer = bytearray(((height // 8) * width) + 1)
        self.buffer[0] = 0x40  # Set first byte of data buffer to Co=0, D/C=1
        self.framebuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer1(memoryview(self.buffer)[1:], width, height)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
        self.temp[1] = cmd
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

    def write_framebuf(self):
        # Blast out the frame buffer using a single I2C transaction to support
        # hardware I2C interfaces.
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.buffer)

    def poweron(self):
        pass


class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
        self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
        dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
        res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
        cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
        self.spi = spi
        self.dc = dc
        self.res = res
        self.cs = cs
        self.buffer = bytearray((height // 8) * width)
        self.framebuf = framebuf.FrameBuffer1(self.buffer, width, height)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs.high()
        self.dc.low()
        self.cs.low()
        self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
        self.cs.high()

    def write_framebuf(self):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs.high()
        self.dc.high()
        self.cs.low()
        self.spi.write(self.buffer)
        self.cs.high()

    def poweron(self):
        self.res.high()
        time.sleep_ms(1)
        self.res.low()
        time.sleep_ms(10)
        self.res.high()

main.py

#   IIC——OLED
from machine import Pin
import time
from machine import SoftI2C
from ssd1306 import SSD1306_I2C
#创建硬件件I2C对象
#i2c = I2C(0，sda=Pin(19),scl=Pin(18))
#创建软件I2C对象
i2c = SoftI2C(sda=Pin(23),scl=Pin(18))
oled=SSD1306_I2C(128,64,i2c)

if __name__=="__main__":
    oled.fill(0)
    oled.show()
    
    oled.text("hello world")
    oled.show()  #执行显示
    
    oled.pixel(10,20,1)#显示一个像素点
    oled.hline(0,10,100,1)#画横线
    
    oled.vline(120,0,30,1)#画竖线
    
    oled.line(10,40,100,60,1)#画指定坐标直线
    oled.show()
    
    time.sleep(2)
    oled.fill(0)
    oled.text("hello world")
    oled.show()  #执行显示
    time.sleep(1)
    
    oled.scroll(10,0)#指定像素X轴移动
    oled.fill_rect(0,0,10,8,0)#清除移动前显示区
    oled.show()  #执行显示
    time.sleep(1)
    
    oled.scroll(0,10)#指定像素Y轴移动
    oled.fill_rect(0,0,128,10,0)#清除移动前显示区
    oled.show()  #执行显示
    while  True:
        pass

例外：补充

1.8X8显示字符

from machine import Pin, SoftI2C  #从机器导入GPIO模块和软件I2C模块
import ssd1306                    #导入之前已经上传的ssd1306.py库
from time import sleep

# ESP32 Pin assignment 
i2c = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))

# ESP8266 Pin assignment
#i2c = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(5), sda=Pin(4))

oled_width = 128
oled_height = 64
oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(oled_width, oled_height, i2c)

oled.text('Hello, World 1!', 0, 0)
oled.text('Hello, World 2!', 0, 10)
oled.text('Hello, World 3!', 0, 20)
        
oled.show()

2.显示中文

from machine import Pin, I2C

#OLED=....
i2c = I2C(scl=Pin(22), sda=Pin(21))
from ssd1306 import SSD1306_I2C 
OLED= SSD1306_I2C(128, 64, i2c)

#fonts=....
fonts= {
    0xe585b3:
    [0x10, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x30, 0xC0,
     0x10, 0x10, 0x20, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x18, 0x06],  # 关
    
    0xe788b1:
    [0x00, 0x01, 0x7E, 0x22, 0x11, 0x7F, 0x42, 0x82, 0x7F, 0x04, 0x07, 0x0A, 0x11, 0x20, 0x43, 0x1C,
     0x08, 0xFC, 0x10, 0x10, 0x20, 0xFE, 0x02, 0x04, 0xF8, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0xC0, 0x30, 0x0E],  # 爱
    
    0xe58d95:
    [0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x3F, 0x21, 0x21, 0x3F, 0x21, 0x21, 0x3F, 0x01, 0x01, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
     0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0xF8, 0x08, 0x08, 0xF8, 0x08, 0x08, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00],  # 单
    
    0xe8baab:
    [0x02, 0x04, 0x1F, 0x10, 0x1F, 0x10, 0x1F, 0x10, 0x10, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x1C, 0xE0, 0x00,
     0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF2, 0x14, 0x18, 0xF0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x10, 0x10, 0x50, 0x20],  # 身
    
    0xe78b97:
    [0x00, 0x44, 0x29, 0x11, 0x2A, 0x4C, 0x89, 0x09, 0x19, 0x29, 0x49, 0x89, 0x08, 0x08, 0x50, 0x20,
     0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x04, 0x04, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x04, 0x04, 0x28, 0x10],  # 狗
    
    0xe68890:
    [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3E, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x44, 0x40, 0x81,
     0x50, 0x48, 0x40, 0xFE, 0x40, 0x40, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x28, 0x28, 0x12, 0x32, 0x4A, 0x86, 0x02],  # 成
    
    0xe995bf:
    [0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x09, 0x08, 0xFF, 0x0A, 0x09, 0x08, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x08,
     0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x18, 0x06, 0x00],  # 长"
    
    0xe58d8f:
    [0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0xFB, 0x20, 0x20, 0x22, 0x22, 0x24, 0x28, 0x20, 0x21, 0x21, 0x22, 0x24,
     0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x98, 0x94, 0x92, 0x92, 0x90, 0x10, 0x10, 0x50, 0x20],  # 协
    
    0xe4bc9a:
    [0x01, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x30, 0xCF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x3F, 0x10,
     0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x18, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x10, 0xF8, 0x08]  # 会
}


#函数部分
def chinese(ch_str, x_axis, y_axis): 
   offset_ = 0 
   for k in ch_str: 
       code = 0x00  # 将中文转成16进制编码 
       data_code = k.encode("utf-8")
       code |= data_code[0] << 16
       code |= data_code[1] << 8
       code |= data_code[2]
       byte_data = fonts[code]
       for y in range(0, 16):
           a_ = bin(byte_data[y]).replace('0b', '')
           while len(a_) < 8:
               a_ = '0'+ a_
           b_ = bin(byte_data[y+16]).replace('0b', '')
           while len(b_) < 8:
               b_ = '0'+ b_
           for x in range(0, 8):
               OLED.pixel(x_axis + offset_ + x,    y+y_axis, int(a_[x]))   
               OLED.pixel(x_axis + offset_ + x +8, y+y_axis, int(b_[x]))   
       offset_ += 16
       
chinese('关爱单身狗',16,4) 
OLED.show()
OLED.text('hello world',0,32)
OLED.show()

13.ESP32-WIFI

from machine import Pin
import time
import  network

led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)


ssid="Mi10S"
password="jjh18776489677"

def wifi_connect():
    wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
    wlan.active(True)
    start_time=time.time()
    
    
    if not wlan.isconnected():
        print("WIFI connect ......")
        wlan.connect(ssid,password)
    
    while not wlan.isconnected():
        led.value(1)
        time.sleep_ms(250)
        led.value(0)
        time.sleep_ms(250)
        
        if time.time()-start_time>10:
            print("WIFI connect FAIL")
            break
    else:
        led.value(0)
        print("network information:",wlan.ifconfig())
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    wifi_connect()

14.ESP32-Socket实验

 socket实验，esp32作为客户端连接路由器热点，然后电脑也连接路由器，此时可在电脑端使用网络调试助手
 设置：协议类型：TCP Server,本机主机地址ipconfig:电脑端IP地址IP4，ipconfig命令得到，本机主机端口：0-65535，不能是80，本处用1000

from machine import Pin
import time
import  network
import  usocket

led=Pin(2,Pin.OUT)


ssid="yb512"
password="512512512"

dest_ip="192.168.1.116"
dest_port=10000

def wifi_connect():
    wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) #STA模式
    wlan.active(True)                 #激活
    start_time=time.time()
    
    
    if not wlan.isconnected():
        print("WIFI connect ......")
        wlan.connect(ssid,password)#输入wifi账号密码
        
        while not wlan.isconnected():
            led.value(1)
            time.sleep_ms(250)
            led.value(0)
            time.sleep_ms(250)
            
            if time.time()-start_time>15:
                print("WIFI connect Timeout")
                break
        return  False
    else:
        led.value(0)
        print("network information:",wlan.ifconfig())
        return  True
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    if wifi_connect():
        socket=usocket.socket()#采用默认配置
        addr=(dest_ip,dest_port)#元组保存 服务器的IP地址和端口号
        socket.connect(addr)
        socket.send("hello wrold")
        
        
        while True:
            text=socket.recv(128)
            if text==None:
                pass
            else:
                print(text)
                socket.send("get："+text.decode("utf-8"))
            time.sleep(250)

15.ESP32-MQTT

ESP32-MQTT是工作在TCP/IP 协议族上，通常会调用socket接口，是一个基于客户端-服务器的消息发布/订阅传输协议。

16.手机或者电脑控制ESP32

自己建立一个web server，就是自己建立一个网站服务器，就会有一个ip地址，在手机或电脑和esp32连接同一个wifi的情况下，让手机或电脑登录那个ip地址的网站就可以给esp32发送相应信息，esp32收到不同的信息执行不同操作，本代码就是实现控制开灯与关灯。

from machine import Pin
import network
import socket


led = Pin(2,Pin.OUT)

ssid = 'Mi10s'             #wifi名称
password = 'jjh18776489677'         #wifi密码

def wifi_connect():
    wlan=network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
    wlan.active(True)
    
    if not wlan.isconnected():
        print("connecting to network ......")
        wlan.connect(ssid,password)
        
        while not wlan.isconnected():
            led.value(1)
            time.sleep_ms(250)
            led.value(0)
            time.sleep_ms(250)
            
        led.value(0)
        return False
    else:
        led.value(0)
        print("network information:",wlan.ifconfig())
        return True
        
def web_page():
    
    html = """<html><head><meta name="viewport"
        content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></head>
          <body><h1>Ojay Server</h1><a
        href=\"?led=on\"><button>ON</button></a>&nbsp;
          <a
        href=\"?led=off\"><button>OFF</button></a></body><html>"""
    return html
  
  
if __name__=="__main__":
    if wifi_connect():
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        s.bind(('',80))
        s.listen(5)

        while True:
          client, addr = s.accept()
          print('Got a connection from %s' % str(addr))
          
          request = conn.recv(1024)
          request = str(request)
          print('Content = %s' % request)
          
          led_on = request.find('/?led=on')#接收到对象在第几个位置出现，返回出现的第几个位置
          led_off = request.find('/?led=off')
          
          if led_on == 6:#第六个位置接收到， href=\"?led=on\"（在第六个字符）
              print('LED ON')
              led.value(1)
          if led_off == 6:
              print('LED OFF')
              led.value(0)
              
          response = web_page()
          conn.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n')
          conn.send('Content-Type: text/html\n')
          conn.send('Connection: close\n\n')
          conn.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n')
          conn.sendall(response)
          conn.close()

 if led_on == 6:

接收到的在第六个位置：

在返回的IP地址，复制在网页中打开即可，如192.168.191.5

参考：

https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_45116099/article/details/119191907

2024.8.15补，45年今天小鬼子投降。